background the hepatitis b virus x (hbx) protein has long been recognized as an important transcriptional transactivator of several genes. human aldo-keto reductase family 1, member c1 (akr1c1), a member of the family of akr1cs, is significantly increased in hbx-expressed cells. objectives this study aimed to investigate the possible mechanism of hbx in regulating akr1c1 expression in hepg2.2.1...

background: many studies have been published on the antioxidative effects of boric acid (ba) and sodium borates in in vitro studies. however, the boron (b) concentrations tested in these in vitro studies have not been selected by taking into account the realistic blood b concentrations in humans due to the lack of comprehensive epidemiological studies. the recently published epidemiological stu...

Memory B cells are generated in germinal centers (GC) and contribute to serological immunity by rapidly differentiating into plasma cells. Human memory B cells can be identified by the expression of CD27. These cells exhibit more rapid responses than naive (CD27-) B cells following stimulation in vitro, consistent with the heightened kinetics of secondary responses in vivo. CD27+ B cells expres...