INTRODUCTION Because invasive fungal infections cause significant morbidity and mortality in liver transplant recipients, the use of antifungal prophylaxis, and the early empirical use of antifungal agents, is widespread on liver transplant units. The new-generation azoles such as voriconazole and the echinocandins have been welcome additions to the antifungal armamentarium. These agents have b...

We evaluated the in vitro killing activity of voriconazole (VRC) and posaconazole (PSC) against two clinical isolates of Candida guilliermondii. The two drugs showed fungistatic activity against both isolates and were effective in reducing kidney fungal burden in a neutropenic murine model of disseminated candidiasis in infected mice. PSC was significantly more effective than VRC against one of...

HIV and AIDS patients are susceptible to opportunistic infections. Oral candidiasis or thrush is the primary manifestation of fungal infection in these patients. The objective this literature review was summarize established novel treatment options for oropharyngeal infections HIV/AIDS Azoles polyenes two antifungal drug classes employed oral candidiasis. A conducted on Medline Google Scholar O...

Agricultural industry uses pesticides to optimize food production for the growing human population. A major issue for crops is fungal phytopathogens, which are treated mainly with azole fungicides. Azoles are also the main medical treatment in the management of Aspergillus diseases caused by ubiquitous fungi, such as Aspergillus fumigatus. However, epidemiological research demonstrated an incre...

The in vitro activity of three different azoles (fluconazole, FLC, voriconazole, VRC and ketoconazole, KTC) was determined and correlated with the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a “hot spot” region of the ERG11 gene in a collection of 52 arbitrarily selected C. albicans strains isolated from Sardinian subjects with oropharyngeal candidiasis. Among the strains evaluated, 23.1% were re...

Cytochrome P-450 catalysing the 14ademethylation of sterol is inhibited in fungi by azole antifungal compounds resulting in a fungistatic or a fungicidal effect [ 11. The azoles themselves represent a useful tool for investigating P-450 structure through the differential affinities with different P450 forms. [Z]. Of practical importance is the identification of the molecular features which resu...

Since the 1950s, antifungal drug discovery has identified three classes of natural products (griseofulvin, polyenes and echinocandins) and four classes of synthetic chemicals (allylamines, azoles, flucytosine and phenylmorpholines) with clinical value against fungal infections. For life threatening fungal disease, the polyene amphotericin B is still a common choice despite toxic side-effects. T...

Infections with filamentous fungi are common in transplant recipients. The risk for aspergillosis and other invasive pulmonary mycosis (IPM) is high in patients undergoing stem cell and lung transplantations. The mortality rates range from 20% to 60% and depend on a number of risk factors. The typical manifestations of IPM are lung infiltrates, consolidations, and fungal tracheobronchitis. The ...

A general procedure for the reductive coupling of N-tosylhydrazones with amines in the presence of Cu(acac)(2) and Cs(2)CO(3) has been developed. The protocol is very effective and chemoselective with various primary and secondary aliphatic amines, aminoalcohols as well as azole derivatives to give α-branched amines in good yields.