In this article I locate some of the fundamental problems of self-determination within the context of an evolving international society. First, I argue that one particular manifestation of self-determination, that of national self-determination, is both a solution to the enduring problem of territorial legitimation in international relations as well as the source of subsequent challenges to ter...

The marginal effective tax rates (METR) are determined in Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Georgia, and Belarus. METR have high sensitivity from the depreciation rate, profit interest for all countries. Sensitivity of inflation is Georgia Belarus but less Azerbaijan Kazakhstan. calculations show that current burden higher than other countries (excluding debt financing). rate does not provide additional ...

The article examines international standards and domestic legislation on maritime freight, the foundations of implementation in law. It is noted that effective functioning mechanisms legal regulation impossible without ensuring treaty norms field law proper manner. International treaties apply not only when different rules are identified, or a contradiction arises. Depending level relations, es...

national currency depreciation or appreciation has always been argued seriously among policymakers since changing in exchange rate could cause improvement or deficit in trade balance. these changes affect the trade volume of a country in both short-run and long-run. long-run effects are recognized as the marshall-lerner condition, while short-run effects are analyzed by two concepts: j-curve an...

Historically, issues of gender, race and the environment have received little attention in mainstream International Relations (IR) scholarship. Great strides have been made, however, in interrogating the inadequacies of the field in these areas and, similarly, in demonstrating the necessity of expanded definitions of security and violence in IR. Despite these strides, mainstream environmental s...

This study was carried out to determine the presence and frequency of Anaplasma ovis and Anaplasma marginale in sheep and dairy cattle in West-Azerbaijan province, Iran. A total number of 200 blood samples were randomly collected via the jugular vein from apparently healthy cattle (100) and sheep (100). The extracted DNA from blood cells was screened using genus-specific (Anaplasma spp.) nested...

The boundaries, reach and regional importance of Armenia have ebbed and flowed over the centuries, but the current borders were drawn by Soviet cartographers and have never been fully accepted. The most significant example of the difficulties caused by the given borders is the conflict with neighbouring Azerbaijan over the territory of Nagorny Karabakh. As a consequence of the Nagorny Karabakh ...

The state plays a central position in theoretical debates in International Relations (IR). Both Realists and Liberals see the state as the central actor in the international system and thereby follow a Western understanding of the state as the holder of the monopoly of force. In the IRsub discipline of security studies new categories such as weak state, quasi state or state failure have created...

The authors used an event-contingent daily recording strategy, the Rochester Interaction Record (RIR), to examine the motivational dynamics of interpersonal relations. Using hierarchical linear modeling, the authors demonstrated that social interactions were more pleasant when participants felt autonomous, competent, and related. Autonomy, competence, and relatedness consistently predicted inte...