Abstract To separate the azeotropic mixture n-butyl acetate and n-butanol by liquid–liquid extraction, three ionic liquids (ILs) 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dihydrogen phosphate ([Emim]H2PO4), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium ([Bmim]H2PO4) 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium ([Hmim]H2PO4) were adopted as extractants. The equilibrium data for ternary mixtures (n-butyl acetate + n-butanol + [Emim]H2PO4/[Bmim]...

Herein, we report the development of an effective synthetic protocol for synthesis oxindoles in flow based on a C(sp3)–H activation process promoted by supported N-heterocyclic carbene palladium heterogeneous catalytic system using cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME) as reaction medium. The design catalyst, selection solvent medium, and definition tailored continuous reactor have been all designed ...

One of the most acute health and environmental concerns nowadays is 3Rs (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) organic solvents. The existing technology used for solvent separation either expensive or inefficient, particularly in case azeotrope separation. Ionic liquids (ILs) have already shown potential liquid–liquid extraction solvents due to their high structural variability. However, which IL will be eff...

Two different alternatives for etherification of glycerol (G) with tert-butyl alcohol (TBA) are developed and analyzed. The conventional reaction separation recycle system uses a plug-flow reactor to perform the reaction in liquid phase, in the presence of a heterogeneous catalyst (Amberlyst 15). The separation of the products from reactants is achieved by two distillation columns where pure gl...

Diphenyl carbonate (DPC) is a precursor in the production of polycarbonate, an important engineering thermoplastic with excellent mechanical and optical properties as well as electrical and heat resistance properties. Traditionally, DPC is synthesized by the transesterification reaction of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and phenol. In the study, phenyl acetate is used instead of phenol to react with ...

RESUMO – This work aimed the evaluation of a saline extractive distillation for the ethanol production. Unlike the current method of dehydration of ethanol, which uses a solvent, distillation with the use of salt does not include problems related to toxicity and has lower power consumption, since salt is not volatilized within the distillation column. Many salts had been tested like calcium chl...

Force fields based on a Lennard-Jones (LJ) 12-6 plus point charge functional form are developed for acetone and chloroform specifically to reproduce the minimum pressure azeotropy found experimentally in this system. Point charges are determined from a CHELPG population analysis performed on an acetone-chloroform dimer. The required electrostatic surface for this dimer is determined from ab ini...

The synthesis and characterization di-n-butyland dimethyltin D-(+)-camphorates, respectively compounds 1 and 2, are reported. Compound 1 displays antitumoural activity in vitro, and is more active than cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil and etoposide against seven tumoural cell lines of human origin, but less active than methotrexate and doxorubucin. Several diorganotin derivatives of dicarboxylic acids...

The extension of the translated–consistent Peng–Robinson (tc-PR) equation state (EoS) to mixtures has been investigated. For this purpose, advanced EoS/aresE,γ mixing rules are used combine tc-PR EoS with residual part an activity coefficient model chosen among Wilson, nonrandom two-liquid (NRTL), and universal quasi-chemical (UNIQUAC) models. performances three resulting versions compared agai...