Economic values of various ecosystem services recreational forests are not well understood in many countries, including Malaysia. Policymakers and resource managers with a lack such information may make inappropriate decisions to manage forest resources. To address the problem, this study used data estimated economic value recreation as cultural service Ayer Keroh Recreational Forest (AKRF) Mal...

This paper examines the position in moral philosophy that Harry Frankfurt calls the Principle of Alternate Possibilities (PAP). The paper first describes the principle as articulated by A.J. Ayer. Subsequently, the paper examines Frankfurt’s critique and proposed revision of the principle and argues that Frankfurt’s proposal relies on an excessively simplistic account of practical reasoning, wh...