The direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method is applied here to model the electron-beam (e-beam) physical vapor deposition of copper thin films. A suitable molecular model for copper-copper interactions have been determined based on comparisons with experiments for a 2D slit source. The model for atomic copper vapor is then used in axi-symmetric DSMC simulations for analysis of a typical e-b...

We further analyze a recent perturbative two-loop calculation of the expectation value of two axi-symmetric circular Maldacena-Wilson loops in N = 4 gauge theory. Firstly, it is demonstrated how to adapt the previous calculation of anti-symmetrically oriented circles to the symmetric case. By shrinking one of the circles to zero size we then explicitly work out the first few terms of the local ...

Observations of the high-mass star forming region AFGL 2591 reveal a large abundance of CO, a molecule known to be enhanced by far UV (FUV) and X-ray irradiation. In chemical models assuming a spherically symmetric envelope, the volume of gas irradiated by protostellar FUV radiation is very small due to the high extinction by dust. The abundance of CO is thus underpredicted by orders of magnitu...

This paper presents a new numerical approach to the simulation of plasma equilibrium evolution in tokamaks. It is based on an unusual coupling formulation current diffusion and axi-symmetric equations that does not require use flux-surface averages allows for fast Newton-type iterations schemes. A detailed derivation coupled system non-linear its discretization provided. Numerical examples, imp...