Automated cloud detection and tracking is an important step in assessing global climate change via remote sensing. Cloud masks, which indicate whether individual pixels depict clouds, are included in many of the data products that are based on data acquired onboard earth satellites. Many cloud-mask algorithms have the form of decision trees, which employ sequential tests that scientists designe...

A statistical analysis on the compatibility of NDVI indices is presented, which is obtained with data collected by AVHRR and SEVIRI (METEOSAT Second Generation – MSG) sensors, directly received at the Satellite Receiving Station of Department of Electronics and Telecommunication (DET) University of Florence, located in Prato (Italy). The goal of this analysis is evaluation of the level of compa...

The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) time-series data derived from Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) have been extensively used for studying inter-annual dynamics of global and regional vegetation. However, there can be significant uncertainties in the data due to incomplete atmospheric correction and orbital drift of the satellites through their active life. Access ...

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) currently uses Nonlinear Sea Surface Temperature (NLSST) algorithms to estimate sea surface temperature (SST) from NOAA satellite Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data. In this study, we created a three-month dataset of global sea surface temperature derived from NOAA-15 AVHRR data paired with coincident SST measurements...

Sea ice concentrations obtained with two algorithms from Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) data are compared to spaceborne visible/infrared and active microwave imagery for the Greenland Sea in Spring. Both algorithms, the ARTIST Sea Ice algorithm (ASI) and the SEA LION algorithm (SLA), utilize 85-GHz SSM/I brightness temperatures with a spatial resolution of 15 km 13 km. Ice concentratio...

This paper describes a cloud type radiance record derived from NOAA polar-orbiting weather satellites using cloud properties retrieved from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) and spectral brightness temperatures (Tb) observed by the High Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder (HIRS). The authors seek to produce a seamless, global-scale, long-term record of cloud type andTb stat...

This paper explores the impact of the integrated water vapor content (IWV) in the atmospheric column on the corrections of optical satellite data over land. First, simulation runs were used to quantify the trends in red and near infrared parts of the electromagnetic spectrum. Second, advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) measurements obtained over Canada during the 1996 growing seaso...

Past studies based on the NOAA/AVHRR and GOES I-M imager instruments have documented the link between certain storm top features referred to as the “cold-U/V” shape in the 10–12 μm IR band imagery and plumes of increased 3.7/3.9 μm band reflectivity. Later, similar features in the 3.7/3.9 μm band have been documented in the AVHRR/3 1.6 μm band imagery. The present work focuses on storm top obse...

Earth surface longwave radiation (SLR), including downward (DLR), upward (ULR), and net (NLR), significantly impacts the budget global climate evolution. However, spatiotemporal variation in SLR remains poorly understood. In this study, three satellite products (GLASS-MODIS V40, GLASS-AVHRR, CERES-SYN) reanalysis datasets (ERA5, MERRA-2, GLDAS) were validated using ground measurements from 288 ...