azidahak (zahhak) has always been a strange myth among the other mythological characters in pre-islamic literature. is it possible to figure out a specific historical period for his life? or as avesta's image shows, we should consider him as a semi-human, semi-monster notion with three ugly heads on his shoulder? this article tries to put this figure on the spotlight and illuminate his rea...

despite the few data about mardâs in shâhnâme, the very high attention of scholars to him and his name is indebted to the importance of his son, zahhâk, in iranian mythology. the lack of any information about this personality in avesta, ambiguity of written forms of his name in pahlavi script in middle persian texts, multiplicity of the recorded forms in islamic texts and also the similarity of...

Mithraism was a mystery religion centered on the god Mithras that was practiced in the ancient world, including India, Iran, Anatolia, Etc. Despite numerous documents such as the most ancient religious books of the world including the Avesta and Rig Veda, and the oldest inscriptions Including: Boğazköy and Achaemenid inscriptions, and finding hundreds of temples in the territory of ancient Rome...

geographical concept of “haft karšvar” could be traced back to the proto-indo-iranian period. after the separation of indians and iranians, due to geographical circumstances and religio-political changes, original indo-iranian narrative of seven part of the earth, turned into its current versions. a comparison of old iranian and indian texts, specially avesta and vīspā̊ŋhō  purāṇa, shows that in...

Sağlık, insanlığın ortaya çıkışından itibaren insanları meşgul eden konuların başında gelmiştir. Tıp biliminin insani bir tecrübe mi yoksa tanrısal vergi olduğu tartışılmıştır. Bilimin gelişmediği mitolojik dönemde insan düşüncesi sağlığı daha çok dini konu olarak kabul etmiştir. Hastalıkları da kötü güçlerin etkisiyle çıkan durumlar değerlendirmiştir. Bundan dolayı sağlıkla ilgili konular ve m...

1. introduction the presence of some woman beside epic and mythical persons has been a widely common feature in many epicsas, for instance, ohrmazd with spenta armaiti or ahriman accompanied byjahi; jamshid, also, is blessed with his own sisters or daughters and freydun and kai khosrow with the mother as well. in these cases, the hero is led to success and fortune with the help of a feminine el...

Medical history in ancient Iran began with the immigration of Aryans to Iran about 30 centuries before Christ. Zoroastrians believed that the first physician was Thirta and the great physician in Zoroastrian era called Thraetoon was the inventor of medical science and the killer of the wicked soul. Followers of Zoroaster claimed that Ahoramazda created goodness and Ahriman managed to create pai...

Medical history in ancient Iran began with the immigration of Aryans to Iran about 30 centuries before Christ. Zoroastrians believed that the first physician was Thirta and the great physician in Zoroastrian era called Thraetoon was the inventor of medical science and the killer of the wicked soul. Followers of Zoroaster claimed that Ahoramazda created goodness and Ahriman managed to create pai...