Abstract The effects of watershed subdivisions on hydrological simulations have not been evaluated in Arctic conditions yet. This study applied the Soil and Water Assessment Tool threshold drainage area (TDA) technique to evaluate impacts subdivision at a 5,913-km2 watershed, Målselv. was discretized according four TDA scheme scales including 200, 2,000, 5,000, 10,000 ha. different schemes wate...

BACKGROUND In 1996, Turkey made tobacco control a health priority. The tobacco control effort was extended in July 2009 with the expansion of the smoke-free law to include all enclosed workplaces and public places and, in January 2010, with a 20% increase in the Special Consumption Tax on Tobacco. METHODS Sales data were averaged, by month, for the period January 2005 through June 2009 to est...

[1] Land surface hydrologic models are commonly evaluated based upon the degree of correspondence between measured and modeled discharge. In this paper we illustrate significant shortcomings associated with the simple discharge based evaluation strategy. A standard conceptual hydrologic model is applied within a Monte Carlo framework to two catchments representing significantly different hydrol...

The present study critically reviews the synthetic unit hydrograph (SUH) methods available in hydrologic literature. The study reveals that the traditional methods of SUH derivation, e.g., Snyder, SCS, traditional methods like Snyder and TS method that does not yield satisfactory results, and their application to the practical engineering problems is tedious and combursome. On the other hand, p...

The question of whether or not soil hydraulic parameters of dualpermeability models (DPM) can be properly identified by inverse analysis of preferential water flow data has not been resolved to date. We applied a DPM based on two coupled Richards’ equations to compare the performance of inverse and forward simulations of laboratory preferential flow data. Infiltration and drainage experiments w...

Large floods are often attributed to the melting of snow during a rain event. This study tested how climate variability, snowpack presence, and basin physiography were related to storm hydrograph shape in three small (<1 km2) basins with old-growth forest in western Oregon. Relationships between hydrograph characteristics and precipitation were tested for approximately 800 storms over a nearly ...

background: expanding cities with rapid economic development has resulted in increased energy consumption leading to numerous environmental problems for their residents. the aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between air pollution and mortality rate due to cardiovascular and respiratory diseases in shiraz. methods: this is an analytical cross‑sectional study in which the corre...