In this paper, we propose new tests for threshold cointegration in the conditional autoregressive distributed lag (ADL) model. The indicators in the threshold model are based on either a nonstationary or stationary threshold variable. The proposed tests are appropriate when the conditioning variables are weakly exogenous. The cointegrating vector in this paper is not pre-specified. We adopt a s...

Across the globe, climate change is threatening environment, crop yield and food security. The key to ensuring a sustainable increase security identify long-term significant impact of means reducing effect. This study examined impacts on cassava in Nigeria. Data were sourced from Climate Change Knowledge Portal Food Agricultural Organization United Nations spanning 1990 2019. was analyzed using...

This study aims to examine the asymmetric relationship between trade openness and FDI (foreign direct investment) inflows Vietnam by using NARDL (nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag) during period from 1997 2019. Our findings show that influence of on is in short-run long-run. But symmetric long run.

This paper focused on the endogenous and exogenous factors that affect China's sustainable energy system (SES). 19 Endogenous factors, from economic sustainability dimension, social environmental dimension security assessed SES by entropy method-analytic hierarchy process-criteria importance through intercriteria correlation method (EM-AHP-CRITIC). We used urbanization, foreign direct investmen...