Abstract Background To assess the prevalence and demographics of lower eyelid epiblepharon in Chinese preschool children to evaluate its association with refractive errors. Methods In this population-based, cross-sectional study, a total 3170 aged 3 6 years from Beijing, China underwent examinations including weight, height, cycloplegic autorefraction slit-lamp examination external eyes. The wa...

Abstract Background Refractive errors and visual impairment in southernmost China have not been reported previously. We aim to investigate determine the age-specific prevalence of myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, based on a large population cross-sectional study Hainan area tropical province China. Methods A population-based sample 31,524 children aged 6–15 years from was assessed. Non-cyclopleg...

PURPOSE To systematically analyse the differences between cycloplegic and noncycloplegic refractive errors (RE) in children and to determine if the predictive value of noncycloplegic RE in categorizing RE can be improved. METHODS Random cluster sampling was used to select 6825 children aged 4-15 years. Autorefraction was performed under both noncycloplegic and cycloplegic (induced with 1% cyc...

PURPOSE To compare refractive assessment results obtained with an aberrometer, an autorefractor, and manual subjective refraction (SR) in a healthy population with optimal visual potential. METHODS Sixty adults aged 18-59 years with visual acuity of 20/25 or better, no media opacity, and no known corneal or retinal abnormalities were recruited during the course of routine eye examination. Ref...

IMPORTANCE Large-scale generic studies offer detailed information on potential risk factors for refractive error across the life course, but ophthalmic examination in such cases to determine the refractive error phenotype is challenging and costly. Thus, refractive status is commonly assigned using questionnaires. In a population survey, often only a few condition-specific self-reported questio...

PURPOSE Studies in relatives have generally yielded high heritability estimates for refractive error: twins 75-90%, families 15-70%. However, because related individuals often share a common environment, these estimates are inflated (via misallocation of unique/common environment variance). We calculated a lower-bound heritability estimate for refractive error free from such bias. METHODS Bet...

SIGNIFICANCE This study is the first to report high rates of uncorrected vision conditions among Australian secondary schoolchildren living in a rural area and comment on rate eye examinations undertaken Indigenous children. Uncorrected problems that continue throughout school years have significant implications for children's quality life education. PURPOSE aimed investigate prevalence schoolc...

Hyperopia is a common refractive error, particularly in young children. Although its prevalence has not been studied to the same extent as myopia, knowledge of its rates among the world population, its early detection and treatment is a matter of vital importance, since moderate or high degrees of this refractive error may lead to other visual impairment conditions. This review provides a summa...