John Rae’s Statement of Some New Principles on the Subject of Political Economy (1834; cited below as NP) was intended to refute Adam Smith’s analysis of the causes of the wealth of nations and the laissez-faire conclusions generally drawn from it. ‘Invention’ plays a central role in Rae’s argument. He accused Smith of attributing economic growth exclusively to the accumulation of capital and o...

Results: We analysed 406 eligible items about the genetics of psychiatric disorders. News coverage of psychiatric genetics has steadily increased since 1996. Items attributing the aetiology of psychiatric disorders to gene– environment interactions (51%) outnumbered items attributing only genetic (30%) or only environmental factors (20%). Of items that referred to heritability of mental illness...

The relationship between perceived control over development (PCD) and subjective well-being (SWB) across adulthood was examined in 3 studies. In Study 1, with 480 adults aged between 20 and 90 years, PCD was closely related to SWB. Chronological age moderated the associations between PCD and SWB beyond individual differences in health, intelligence, social support, and socioeconomic status. In ...

Climate has always varied. In Australia, the impact of the El Niño – Southern Oscillation on variations in rainfall over centuries has been documented (e.g. Nicholls 1988, 1989). Other natural, internal processes also affect climate on different time-scales. As well, volcanic activity is known to cause cooling of the surface temperature, and variations in solar activity and orbital changes that...

An effect is attributable to treatment if it would not have been observed had the individual been exposed to control instead. Extending earlier results on attributable effects in unmatched groups, a method of exact randomization inference and sensitivity analysis is developed for case-referent, case-crossover, and cohort studies with matched sets, and a large sample approximation to the exact i...

The ability to attribute behaviour to architecture is important for high-level understanding, designing, evolving, and reengineering all kinds of systems (from objectoriented programs to parallel and distributed computer systems). Scenarios are a good way of doing it, but popular scenario techniques, such as message sequence charts, that use intercomponent “wiring” as their starting point do no...

OBJECTIVE This study compares alternative methods for attributing hospital utilization and costs to diabetes. Findings from five "numerator" methods, found in the literature and based on presence of certain diagnoses or combinations of diagnoses in the billing records, were compared to benchmark findings derived from attributable risk calculations. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Estimates of non...

We discuss properties of two methods for ascribing probabilities to the shape of a probability distribution. One is based on the idea of counting the number of modes of a bootstrap version of a standard kernel density estimator. We argue that the simplest form of that method suffers from the same difficulties that inhibit level accuracy of Silverman’s bandwidth-based test for modality: the cond...