Fermionic atoms in two different hyperfine states confined in optical lattices show strong commensurability effects due to the interplay between the atomic density wave ordering and the lattice potential. We show that spatially separated regions of commensurable and incommensurable phases can coexist. The commensurability between the harmonic trap and the lattice sites can be used to control th...

Atomic models based on high-resolution density maps are the ultimate result of the cryo-EM structure determination process. Here, we introduce a general procedure for local sharpening of cryo-EM density maps based on prior knowledge of an atomic reference structure. The procedure optimizes contrast of cryo-EM densities by amplitude scaling against the radially averaged local falloff estimated f...

Observations with the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph aboard the Hubble Space Telescope have been used to constrain the atomic sulfur column density in Io’s atmosphere. The S I λ1479 dipole allowed and forbidden transition multiplets have been resolved for the first time at Io, enabling the study of both optically thick and thin transitions from a single atomic species. The allowed transit...

A procedure for carrying out iterative model building, density modification and refinement is presented in which the density in an OMIT region is essentially unbiased by an atomic model. Density from a set of overlapping OMIT regions can be combined to create a composite 'iterative-build' OMIT map that is everywhere unbiased by an atomic model but also everywhere benefiting from the model-based...

This work describes a simple spatial decomposition of the first-order reduced density matrix corresponding to an N-electron system into first-order density matrices, each of them associated to an atomic domain defined in the theory of atoms in molecules. A study of the representability of the density matrices arisen from this decomposition is reported and analyzed. An appropriate treatment of t...

The effect of hydrogen gas on the plasma and its influence on acid interferences in plasma atomic emission spectrometry was studied. The study was performed with HCl and HNO(3) in the concentration range of 0-2 mol l(-1). Vanadium and magnesium were used as test elements, the study was extended to other several elements. The effects of hydrogen gas on the plasma were studied by measuring excita...

We report generalized gradient approximation ~GGA! cohesive energies for 3d metals. The problem of obtaining atomic reference energies in density-functional theory is considered. The effect of going to nonspherical atomic charge distributions is much larger at the GGA than at the local-density approximation ~LDA! level, but allowing fractional occupations of 3d and 4s shells has negligible effe...

The structure of multiply quantized or giant vortex states in atomic Fermi gases across a Feshbach resonance is studied within the context of self-consistent Bogoliubov–de Gennes theory. The particle density profile of vortices with 1 flux quanta is calculated. Owing to discrete branches of vortex-core bound states, inside the core the density oscillates as a function of the distance from the v...

The standard experimental techniques usually adopted in the study of the behaviour of ultracold atoms in optical lattices involve extracting the atom density profile from absorption images of the atomic sample after trap release. Quantum mechanically this procedure is described by a generalized measure (POVM); interference patterns found in absorption images suggest a generalized measure based ...

The purpose of this work is to present a new method to extract the electron density ([Formula: see text]) and the effective atomic number (Z eff) from dual-energy CT images, based on a Karhunen-Loeve expansion (KLE) of the atomic cross section per electron. This method was used to calibrate a Siemens Definition CT using the CIRS phantom. The predicted electron density and effective atomic numbe...