The impact of the East Asian monsoon (EAM) on climatology and interannual variability of tropospheric ozone (O3) over the coastal South China was investigated by analyzing 11 years of ozonesonde data over Hong Kong with the aid of Lagrangian dispersion modeling of carbon monoxide and calculation of an EAM index. It was found that the seasonal cycle of O3 in the lower troposphere is highly relat...

Distribution of the vector species is a major risk factor for the endemicity of leishmaniasis. In the present study, the vertical distribution of Lutzomyia (Lu.) ayacuchensis, the vector of Leishmania (Leishmania) mexicana in the Ecuadorian Andes, was surveyed at different altitudes (300-2500m above sea level) of the Andean slope. The vector species Lu. ayacuchensis was identified at an altitud...

Acute mountain sickness (AMS) is a common problem while ascending at high altitude. AMS may progress rapidly to fatal results if the acclimatization process fails or symptoms are neglected and the ascent continues. Extensively reduced arterial oxygen saturation at rest (R-Spo₂) has been proposed as an indicator of inadequate acclimatization and impending AMS. We hypothesized that climbers less ...

Alpine permafrost occurrence in maritime climates has received little attention, despite suggestions that permafrost may occur at lower elevations than in continental climates. To assess the spatial and altitudinal limits of permafrost in the maritime Southern Alps, we developed and tested a catchment-scale distributed permafrost estimate. We used logistic regression to identify the relationshi...

There have been 10 specific "wheel-well" passenger stowaway flights (the wheel-well area was entered just before take-off) documented in the N.Y. Times between 1947-1993. Five stowaways survived flights encompassing altitudes as high as 39,000 feet, with six dying in the process (one flight had two stowaways, one fatal, one surviving). Three Douglas DC-8 and four Boeing 707 aircraft, plus a Car...

Hyperventilation is one of the most important features of acclimatization to high altitude. Resting ventilation at extreme altitudes increases up to fourfold and exercise ventilation for a given work level increases to the same extent. Hypoxic stimulation of the peripheral chemoreceptors is the chief mechanism for the hyperventilation but there is also evidence that central sensitization of the...

Electrocardiograims of healthy men both native and long-term residents at 14,900 feet above sea level have been obtained and classified according to their dominant pattern. Most of the tracings showed signs of either right ventricular hypertrophy or right bundle-branch block, incomplete and complete. Some of the mechanisms responsible for these electrocardiographic changes found at high altitud...

I have been asked to speak on the Neuro-physiologicai changes produe as a result of stay at high altitudes. We have 110t done any work on thisan' unfortunately, there have not been many other studies reported on this. I w' therefore, present before you today whatever little is available in the publish literature; Mostly, workers carrying out physiological studies at high altitudes ha made certa...

The distributions of American cicada killers (Sphecius) were examined via solicited and museum specimens. S. hogardii occurs in southern Florida and several Caribbean islands. S. speciosus occurs throughout the east coast, southeast, and Midwestern states at high densities, and its range extends much farther west than expected, but not west of the continental divide. S. speciosus appears to be ...

We present a ray-tracing study of the propagation of PC 3 Alfven mode waves originating at the dayside magnetopause. This study reveals interesting features of a magnetospheric filter effect for these waves. PC 3 Alfven mode waves cannot penetrate to low Earth altitudes unless the wave frequency is below approximately 30 mHz. Configurations of the dispersion curves and the refractive index show...