Desmosomes are one of four intercellular junctions present on the lateral side of neighboring polarized epithelial cells. Tight junctions and adherens junctions (AJs) are restricted to the apical domain, where they form the epithelial barrier and organize cortical actin, respectively. Desmosomes are found subjacent to the AJs and are more widely distributed along the lateral membranes. By tethe...

Introduction The discovery of protein ubiquitylation three decades ago was the beginning of our understanding of a new mechanism by which proteins are marked for assembly into macromolecular complexes or movement between cellular compartments. The finding that ubiquitylation (the covalent attachment of the small protein ubiquitin to other proteins) targeted proteins for degradation earned Avram...

Collagens are a large family of triple helical proteins that are widespread throughout the body and are important for a broad range of functions, including tissue scaffolding, cell adhesion, cell migration, cancer, angiogenesis, tissue morphogenesis and tissue repair. Collagen is best known as the principal tensile element of vertebrate tissues such as tendon, cartilage, bone and skin, where it...

Melanosomes, the pigment granules that provide tissues with colour and photoprotection, are the cellular site of synthesis, storage and transport of melanin pigments. They are synthesised in mammalian skin melanocytes, in choroidal melanocytes and retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells in the eye, and in melanophores (a class of pigment-containing cells) in lower vertebrates. The precise fate a...

of [Nemo97]: Single-event upset (SEU) tolerance for commercial 1Mbit SRAMs, 4Mbit SRAMs, 16Mbit DRAMs and 64Mbit DRAMs was evaluated by irradiation tests using high-energy heavy ions with an LET range between 4.0 and 60.6 MeV/(mg/cm2). The threshold LET and the saturated cross-section were determined for each device from the LET dependence of the SEU cross-section. We show these test results an...

Non-melanoma skin cancers are the most commonly diagnosed forms of cancer in Canada (approximately 72,000 cases across the country in 2002). After this type of skin cancer, prostate, breast, colorectal, and lung cancers are the most frequently diagnosed and account for 56% (57% provincially) of total reported cancer cases in Waterloo Region within the past five years. They are also the leading ...

This article presents a systematic review of outcomes associated with the use of microprocessorcontrolled prosthetic knees (MPKs) compared with non–microprocessor-controlled prosthetic knees (NMPKs) among individuals with unilateral transfemoral limb loss (TFLL). A comprehensive review of 27 publications revealed that MPKs may be indicated in cases where improved ambulatory safety and the abili...

A bstract We study the impact of third-order QCD corrections for several kinematic moments inclusive semileptonic B decays, to first order in 1 /m b expansion. consider four charged-lepton energy E R spectrum, total leptonic invariant mass q 2 and hadronic $$ {M}_X^2 M X 2 ...

Functional testing has advantages for testing more than one component of the motor system at once and can indicate the effects of aging. Timed stair tests provide a reliable, stable measure of function to give medical and rehabilitation professionals information about patient’s progress, comparison to a healthy population, and further practical goals. Because a timed stair test measures a great...