We investigate assume-guarantee reasoning for global specifications consisting of conjunctions of local specifications. We present a sound and complete assume-guarantee rule that permits reasoning about individual modules for local specifications and draws conclusions about global specifications of distributed systems. We illustrate our approach with an example from the field of network congest...

In classical plasticity there are clear mathematical links between the dissipation function and the consequent yield function and flow rule. These links help to construct constitutive equations with the minimum of adjustable parameters. Modelling granular materials, however, requires that the dissipation function depends on the current stress state (frictional plasticity) and this changes the m...

This publication reviews the framework of abstract competition, which is aimed at studying complex systems with competition in their generic form. Although the concept of abstract competition has been derived from a specific field--modelling of mixing in turbulent reacting flows--this concept is, generally, not attached to a specific phenomenon or application. Two classes of competition rules, ...

Spatial variation in concentrations or flows within an organ and temporal variation in reaction rates or flows appear to broaden as one refines the scale of observation. How can we characterize heterogeneity independently of scale? Fractals come to our rescue! A system is fractal if its features adhere to the same rules through a succession of different scales. Fractals efficiently describe man...

Internal stress associated with an oriented microstructure of defects are taken into ac count in the thermoelastic balance of martensitic phase transition. From this analysis a macros copic flow rule is determined for the TWME by using a phenomenological approach based on a yield criterion derived from Gibb's free energy expression. Experiments perfor med on a Cu-Zn-A1 polycrystalline alloy tra...

We show how the firing rule of Petri nets relies on a residuation operation for the commutative monoid of natural numbers. On that basis we introduce closed monoidal structures which are residuated monoids. We identify a class of closed monoidal structures (associated with a family of idempotent group dioids) for which one can mimic the token game of Petri nets to define the behaviour of these ...

A) The Correct Use of Arrows to Indicate Electron Movement The ability to write an organic reaction mechanism properly is key to success in organic chemistry classes. Organic chemists use a technique called arrow pushing to depict the flow or movement of electrons during chemical reactions. Arrow pushing helps chemists keep track of the way in which electrons and their associated atoms redistri...