background and aims. the main purpose of this study was to assess intra- and inter-examiner reproducibility of probing depth measurements with a manual periodontal probe. materials and methods. in this study, 32 dental students in tabriz faculty of dentistry with normal periodontium were evaluated. each tooth of the upper right quadrants, except the third molars, was examined. probing depths we...

cardiovascular disease remains the principal cause of death in the modernized world.   several novel noninvasive imaging techniques have been recently developed to improve diagnosis of cardiac and coronary disease.   of these advances, multidetector computed tomographic (mdct) angiography has evolved most dramatically to transform computed tomography from a single-slice trans-axial modality to ...

background: infertility has potentially inappropriate effects on quality of life in infertile couples. various general and specific questionnaires have been structured for assessing different aspects of quality of life in infertile men, women, or couples. the present systematic review was designed to assess these questionnaires and also identify different factors affecting infertile couples bas...

The assessment of the depth of anaesthesia in man has received much attention in recent years, following a number of reports of people being aware during surgery. A range of different measures have been suggested for determining the adequacy of anaesthesia in man, but such a critical assessment is rarely applied to laboratory animals. This article describes the methods used to assess anaestheti...

background: given the importance of adolescents’ health in establishing health in the newly thriving generation of every society, the first step for adolescents’ health promotion is health needs assessment. the present study was, therefore, conducted to design a valid and reliable scale for health needs assessment of male adolescents. methods: this is an exploratory sequential mixed method stud...

Abstract These days the use of portfolio assessment is very popular. If it is believed that students at all levels should be doing more than studying for tests; teachers should be doing more than teaching to tests; students should take a more active role in the learning process; and, then the portfolio assessment is an idea worth exploring.. The aim of this study was to introduce portfolio asse...

originating from vygotsky’s sociocultural theory, dynamic assessment (da) proposes a novel approach to second language acquisition (sla) research according to which a dialectical relationship is envisaged between instruction and assessment. although da has been applied to some areas of sla, there are areas, such as interlanguage pragmatics (ilp), that have been neglected.  to address the issue,...