1 The indigenous oak species (Quercus spp.) of the Upper Rhine Valley have migrated to their 2 current distribution range in the area after the transition to the Holocene interglacial. Since 3 post-glacial recolonization, they have been subjected to ecological changes and human 4 impact. By using chloroplast microsatellite markers (cpSSRs), we provide detailed 5 phylogeographic information and ...

About 3 thousand hectares of forest stands were created on the surface Crimean mountain plateaus in middle 20th century as a result afforestation. Studies influence these properties meadow soils (Phaeozems) showed that under vegetation, consolidation structural aggregates, decrease humus content, and an increase acidity compared to which could also affect other soil properties, including mobili...

Invasive, non-indigenous, phytophagous insects have caused widespread declines in several dominant tree species. The decline in dominant tree species may lead to cascading effects on other tree and microbial species and their interactions, affecting forest recovery following the decline. In the eastern USA, eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr) is declining because of infestation by the ...

The use of diversionary food is an ecological method to reduce feeding damage by wildlife to forest and agricultural crops. The red squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) feeds on the vascular tissues of young lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia) and this damage is particularly severe in intensively managed stands. Aerial application of sunflower seed on an operational scale significantly...

Several methodologies has been developed to specify complex systems formally [1] [2] [3] [4] [5]. Among those formalisms stands the DEVS formalism and Artificial Neu-ral Networks. Although no direct comparisons are possible between the two techniques, both can provide good results when they are applied to the same problem. DEVS formalism is a set-theoretic formalism. It allows the definition of...

1 Former human practices can persistently influence forest ecosystems, particularly by altering the distribution and abundance of vegetation. Previous research has focused on the role of colonization success in governing plant community patterns in abandoned forests, but few studies have explored how changes in the performance of adult plants may contribute to changes in plant populations. 2 We...

In this paper, we address the basic problem of recognizing moving objects in video images using SP Theory of Intelligence. The concept of SP Theory of Intelligence which is a framework of artificial intelligence, was first introduced by Gerard J Wolff, where S stands for Simplicity and P stands for Power. Using the concept of multiple alignment, we detect and recognize object of our interest in...

Intensive pine (Pinus spp.) management is a primary land use in the southeastern United States. In eastern North Carolina, intensively managed pine stands often occur on land previously ditched and drained. Because modification of natural vegetation and water sources are known to affect dipteran community structure, we studied effects of intensive pine management on abundance and diversity of d...