1. Introduction Human speech production requires a complex coordination of motor control for respiration, vocalization, and articulation. The neural mechanisms for speaking have been studied since the 17th century, yet many questions remain in determining the brain regions involved in speech production. In evidence of this, recent functional brain imaging studies examining normal subjects' arti...

A survey was conducted in Spain in 1986 to estimate the number of people with disabilities and to identify the impairments which had given rise to them. The survey also set out to identify the causes of these impairments and to analyse the nature and extent of the handicaps resulting from these impairments and disabilities. The frame of reference for the survey was the WHO International Classif...

Body motion is a rich source of information for social cognition. However, gender effects in body language reading are largely unknown. Here we investigated whether, and, if so, how recognition of emotional expressions revealed by body motion is gender dependent. To this end, females and males were presented with point-light displays portraying knocking at a door performed with different emotio...

Researchers have been investigating methods for retrieving the articulation underlying an acoustic speech signal for more than three decades. A successful method would find many applications, for example: low bit-rate speech coding, helping individuals with speech and hearing disorders by providing visual feedback during speech training, and the possibility of improved automatic speech recognit...

Sandra Carberry, University of Delaware Stephanie Elzer, Millersville University Kathleen McCoy, University of Delaware Seniz Demir, Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey Peng Wu, University of Delaware Charles Greenbacker, University of Delaware Daniel Chester, University of Delaware Edward Schwartz, Carnegie Mellon University David Oliver, Millersville University Priscilla M...

We show that sovereign debt impairments can have a significant impact on financial markets and real economies through a credit ratings channel. Specifically, we find that firms reduce their investment and reliance on credit markets due to a rising cost of debt capital following a sovereign rating downgrade. We identify these effects by exploiting exogenous variation on corporate ratings due to ...

Many philosophers and psychologists believe that only people with rich language skills are capable of abstract reasoning. A man with a severe linguistic impairment poses a striking challenge to this view.