Endocrine therapy is well established for the treatment of breast cancer, and antiangiogenic agents are showing considerable promise. Targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and estrogen receptor (ER) signaling pathways concomitantly may provide enhanced therapeutic benefit in ER-positive breast cancer. Therefore, the effects of the VEGF receptor (VEGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibito...

Adjuvant therapy has made a significant contribution in reducing breast cancer-specific mortality. Standard chemotherapeutics and tamoxifen have been the mainstay treatment for years, but recent clinical evidence supports the use of novel small-molecule therapy and aromatase inhibitor therapy in selected settings, challenging not only the traditional paradigm of breast cancer treatment, but als...

Lung cancer is the most common cancer in the world. It is a highly lethal disease in women and men, and new treatments are urgently needed. Previous studies implicated a role of estrogens and estrogen receptors in lung cancer progression, and this steroidal growth-stimulatory pathway may be promoted by tumor expression and activity of aromatase, an estrogen synthase. We found expression of arom...

Human aromatase (CYP19A1) aromatizes the androgens to form estrogens via a three-step oxidative process. The estrogens are necessary in humans, mainly in women, because of the role they play in sexual and reproductive development. However, these also are involved in the development and growth of hormone-dependent breast cancer. Therefore, inhibition of the enzyme aromatase, by means of drugs kn...

Aromatase converts androgens to estrogens. Although third-generation aromatase inhibitors (AIs) are important drugs in hormonal therapy for breast cancer in postmenopausal women, there are concerns about the side effects associated with the estrogen deprivation achieved with AIs. Expression of aromatase in breast cancer tissue is driven by different promoters than those in noncancer tissues; th...

Aromatase plays a critical role in breast cancer development by converting androgen to estrogen. In this report, results are presented to demonstrate that estrogen, the product of aromatase, can up-regulate its expression. Estrogen receptor (ER) transient transfection experiments were performed using the SK-BR-3 breast cancer cell line, which is ER negative and expresses aromatase. When SK-BR-3...

To the Editor: We have read with great interest the recently published article by Gerber et al. (1) on the potential endometrial benefit of anastrozole given to postmenopausal breast cancer patients with tamoxifen-induced endometrial pathology. Their study showed that the switch to anastrozole significantly reduced the need for a second invasive gynecologic procedure for recurrent vaginal bleed...

letrozole is a synthetic aromatase inhibitor and interfere in the committed step in the synthesis of endogenous estrogens from androgens. also estrogens regulate the immune system in teleost. changes of 17- β- esrtradiol (e 2 ), serum immunoglobulin and lysozyme levels were measured using a method based on the ability of lysozyme to lyse the bacterium micrococcus lysodeikticus , enzyme-linked i...

Aromatase Inhibitor(AI) therapy is a crucial treatment for regulating estrogen production that combats breast cancer in postmenopausal patients. Clinical trials have emphasized its importance, as it has surpassed prior efficacy through each succeeding generation of AI and other options like modulators(Tamoxifen) Progestin therapy(Megace/Megestrol Acetate). There big difference between therapies...

We have used a direct, non-immunochemical and highly accurate method to quantify the effects of testosterone and oestrogen on mitotic and apoptotic activity in the young, male rat anterior pituitary in vivo. Surgical gonadectomy resulted in a 3-fold increase in mitotic activity by the fourth post-operative day, which returned gradually to levels seen in intact animals over the subsequent 3-4 we...