The objective of this study is to identify the impact trade liberalization on economic growth in Japan. Annual data are utilized from 1985 2016 via Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model (ARDL) Cointegration test and Vector Error Correction (VECM) based Granger causality. findings unit root tests revealed that all variables mixed results whereby they integrated at I(0) I(1) could proceed ARDL tes...

ABSTRACT In this study, Brazil, Turkey, Australia, Estonia, South Africa (SA), Finland and Sweden are examined by Autoregressive Distributed Lag model (ARDL), non-linear ARDL (NARDL) Gregory-Hansen (GRHA) cointegration models for the relationship between emissions growth, coal consumption (CCSP) growth. For growth relationship, environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) is investigated. CCSP EKC Brazil ...

Contemporary economies of developing countries are changing due to rapid changes in the world economy. The emergence of international financial industry for worldwide network of transactions altered the role of international economy. Increased financial flows have altered the role of private capital and subsequently effect resource allocation. The economies of developing countries are witnessin...

This paper examines the short and long run relationships between trade balance, real exchange rates, income and money supply in the case of Malaysia. The inclusion of income and money variables in the study is purposely to examine the monetary and absorption approaches to the balance of payments beside the conventional approach of elasticity, using exchange rates. Using the bound testing approa...

The analysis aims to examine the impact of eco-innovation and financial efficiency on CO2 emissions renewable energy consumption in highly polluted Asian economies, including China, India, Russia, Japan. For empirical analysis, we have applied ARDL pooled mean group (ARDL-PMG) model. long-run estimated coefficient environmental innovations is positively significant both models negatively These ...

Abstract The paper examines the long-run relationship between poverty reduction, economic growth, and tourism development in Kazakhstan during period of 2001–2017. We expand basic model by including other determinants such as inequality, unemployment, spending on health. use Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach to test co-integration variables, ARDL bound is less restrictive provides ...