RATIONALE The hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) is considered a major site for leptin signaling that regulates several physiological processes. OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that leptin receptor in the ARC is required to mediate leptin-induced sympathetic activation. METHODS AND RESULTS First, we used the ROSA Cre-reporter mice to establish the feasibility of driving Cre expression in t...

Abstract The arc propulsion system needs a high-voltage (3800 V) pulse to break down the working medium in thruster and form stable arc. power control unit (ATPU) is prone producing high voltage discharge when output. According breakdown mechanism, this paper puts forward measures prevent breakdown.

Pattern formation and self-organization are phenomena commonly observed experimentally in diverse types of plasma systems, including atmospheric-pressure electric arc discharges. However, numerical simulations reproducing anode pattern formation in arc discharges have proven exceedingly elusive. Time-dependent three-dimensional thermodynamic non-equilibrium simulations reveal the spontaneous fo...