INTRODUCTION Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) in glaucomatous eyes is often due to increased resistance to aqueous outflow. Previous studies have shown that increased extracellular material deposition in outflow pathways leads to increased resistance to aqueous outflow, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β seems to play a role in the deposition of extracellular material. TGF-β2 is the pred...

Inflammation is known to be involved in the progression of diabetic retinopathy. We have recently reported that vitreous levels of IL-4, IL-17A, IL-22, IL-31, and TNFα are higher than the respective serum levels in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) patients, and that vitreous levels of these cytokines are higher in PDR than in other non-inflammatory vitreoretinal diseases or uveitis asso...

The levels of cyclic-AMP, cyclic-GMP and betamethasone (BM) in the aqueous humor and serum BM following topical treatment with BM were determined using radioimmunoassay (RIA) methods. One drop of a solution containing 0. 1%, 0. 5% or 1. 0% BM was applied to the rabbit eye of 6 rabbits. The left eyes served as controls. BM was detected in the aqueous humor from right eyes 15 minutes after admini...

We present a noninvasive method of detecting substance concentration in the aqueous humor based on dual-wavelength iris imaging technology. Two light sources, one centered within (392 nm) and the other centered outside (850 nm) of an absorption band of Pirenoxine Sodium, a common type of drugs in eye disease treatment, were used for dual-wavelength iris imaging measurement. After passing throug...

BACKGROUND Aqueous humor flows regularly from posterior chamber to anterior chamber, and this flow much involves intraocular pressure, the eye tissue nutrition and metabolism. PURPOSE To visualize and measure the intraocular flow regular pattern of aqueous humor. METHOD Intraocular flow in the vitro eyeball is driven to simulate the physiological aqueous humor flow, and the flow field is me...

Fluid flow in the anterior chamber maintains intraocular pressure (IOP) and globe shape and supplies oxygen and nutrients to the nonvascularized cornea, lens, and trabecular meshwork (TM). Glaucoma is a progressive optic neuropathy often caused by elevated IOP consequent to abnormally high resistance to aqueous humor drainage via the TM and Schlemm’s canal. Compounds with cytoskeletal effects o...

Ascorbic acid in aqueous humor of the eye has a role as an antioxidant in delaying cataract formation. In a cross-sectional comparative study, ascorbic acid levels from aqueous humor and venous blood obtained from patients with cataracts in mountainous regions (1,300-2,000 meters) and subtropical lowlands (<100 meters) of Nepal were measured spectrophotometrically with the objective of comparin...

PURPOSE To investigate the aqueous and vitreous penetration of levofloxacin, the drug was administered topically and/or orally to patients undergoing vitrectomy. METHODS Thirty-six patients undergoing initial vitrectomy with phacoemulsification and aspiration (PEA) were enrolled, and were divided randomly into three groups. Group 1 was treated with topical application of levofloxacin (three t...

PURPOSE The association between aqueous humor levels of various growth/inflammatory factors or cytokines and the severity of macular edema was investigated in patients with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO). METHODS Aqueous humor levels of 11 factors or cytokines were measured in CRVO patients with macular edema (n = 38) and in cataract patients (n = 15) as controls. Aqueous humor samples...

PURPOSE To confirm the aqueous humor and lens dynamics of 1% deuterium-labeled alpha-tocopherol acetate (D(3)-VEA) solution. METHODS The concentrations of D(3)-VEA and D(3)-alpha-tocopherol (D(3)-VE), derived from D(3)-VEA, in the aqueous humor and lens were measured after continuous instillation of 1% D(3)-VEA into the cul-de-sac of rat eyes for 1 or 3 weeks. D(3)-VEA and D(3)-VE concentrati...