Simultaneous fluorescence imaging and electrophysiologic recordings were used to investigate the Ca influx initiated by action potentials (APs) into dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) pyramidal cell (PC) and cartwheel cell (CWC) dendrites. Local application of Cd blocked Ca transients in PC and CWC dendrites, demonstrating that the Ca influx was initiated by dendritic Ca channels. In PCs, TTX elimin...

BACKGROUND Dozens of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) formulas have been used for promotion of "blood production" for centuries, and we are interested in developing novel thrombopoietic medicines from these TCMs. Our previous studies have demonstrated the hematopoietic effects of DangGui BuXue Tong (DBT), a formula composed of Radix Angelicae Sinensis and Radix Astragali in animal and cellula...

In previous papers we proposed an algorithm for real parameter optimization called the Aggregation Pheromone System (APS). The APS replaces pheromone trails in traditional ACO with aggregation pheromones. The pheromone update rule is applied in a way similar to that of ACO. In this paper, we proposed an enhanced APS (eAPS), which uses a colony model with units. It allows a stronger exploitation...

mother Figure 1 and 2. Therefore, in the field of APS encounter point and spotty hemorrhages that long retains after the birth (unlike caput succedaneum). The APS reflects the nature of the insertion head, changes its location when asynclitism. APS is a reflection (imprint) of delivery, which can be used to objectively evaluate the insertion head. APS is clearly visible on the head of the dead ...

BACKGROUND Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS, also known as Hughes syndrome) may manifest itself as a primary or secondary disease, most commonly with systemic lupus erythemathosus (SLE) and various cardiac manifestations. OBJECTIVES To report the first results from the Serbian National Cohort study, which was started in January 2000. METHODS Our study included 374 patients: 260 primary APS pa...

The sulfate activation pathway is essential for the assimilation of sulfate and, in many bacteria, is comprised of three reactions: the synthesis of adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (APS), the hydrolysis of GTP, and the 3'-phosphorylation of APS to produce 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS), whose sulfuryl group is reduced or transferred to other metabolites. The entire sulfate activation ...

1. Action potentials (APs) have been recorded for the first time from the oocytes of an arthropod, the haematophagous insect Rhodnius prolixus. In saline containing Zmmoll" calcium, APs could be evoked by depolarizing the oocyte membrane from its resting potential of — 50 mV to a threshold between —35 and — 40 mV. The mean duration and overshoot of the APs were 2-6 s and +16mV, respectively. 2....

In this study, we examined the effects of apple polyphenols (APs) on hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis, hepatic steatosis and endothelial function and investigated the potential mechanisms. ApoE(-/-) mice were fed a western-type diet and orally treated with APs (100 mg/kg) or atorvastatin (10 mg/kg) for 12 weeks. Hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis in the aortic sinuses and, and hepatic lipidosis ...

OBJECTIVE Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) are active constituents of Astragalus membranaceus. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of APS on memory impairment in a diabetic rat model and their mechanisms. METHODS A diabetic model was established in 50 male Wistar rats with streptozotocin intra-peritoneal injection. A blood glucose level higher than 16.7 mmol/L obtained 72 hours...

BACKGROUND Activated hepatic stellate cells are the main source of excessive collagen deposition in liver fibrosis. Here we report the inhibitory effects of the combinational treatment of two natural products, astragalus polysaccharide (APS) and β-elemene (ELE) on the activation of human liver hepatic stellate cell line LX-2 cells. METHODS Cultured LX-2 cells were treated with different conce...