We present the first polynomial-time approximation schemes (PTASes) for the following subset-connectivity problems in edge-weighted graphs of bounded genus: Steiner tree, low-connectivity survivable-network design, and subset TSP. The schemes run in O(n log n) time for graphs embedded on both orientable and nonorientable surfaces. This work generalizes the PTAS frameworks of Borradaile, Klein, ...

Let f ∈ C[−1, 1] change its convexity finitely many times, in the interval. We are interested in estimating the degree of approximation of f by polynomials, and by piecewise polynomials, which are coconvex with it, namely, polynomials and piecewise polynomials that change their convexity exactly at the points where f does. We obtain Jackson type estimates and summarize the positive and negative...

Constructive proofs and several generalizations of approximation results of J. H. Bramble and S. R. Hubert are presented. Using an averaged Taylor series, we represent a function as a polynomial plus a remainder. The remainder can be manipulated in many ways to give different types of bounds. Approximation of functions in fractional order Sobolev spaces is treated as well as the usual integer o...

We construct symmetric polar WAMs (Weakly Admissible Meshes) with low cardinality for least-squares polynomial approximation on the disk. These are then mapped to an arbitrary triangle. Numerical tests show that the growth of the least-squares projection uniform norm is much slower than the theoretical bound, and even slower than that of the Lebesgue constant of the best known interpolation poi...