Independent component analysis (ICA) is a new effective technique for separation of statistically independent sources existing simultaneously in observations. Generally, ICA requires that the number of sensors should be no less than the number of independent sources to ensure enough information for separation of all sources. In some practical applications, this requirement of ICA is not met and...

Traditionally, market models in economics describe interactions in which the commodities traded are subject to complete contracts that are enforceable at no cost. Such contracts do not exist among other animals. In conventional economic models, there is also no account of who meets whom, what the traders know, and how they settle on a transaction, whereas these aspects play a major role in biol...

RATIONALE AND KEY POINTS: This article aims to provide an overview of the technique for applying vacuum-assisted closure therapy (V.A.C. therapy), using the example of one of the most basic dressing types: V.A.C. GranuFoam, a black polyurethane foam. Practitioners should refer to the manufacturer's instructions for application of other dressing types. ▶ V.A.C. therapy is used to apply negative ...