The dynamics of a model of a free-living nitrogen-fixing population, grown in a chemostat alone or in competition with a non-nitrogen-fixing population, was studied through bifurcation analysis. It is demonstrated that the ability of the nitrogen-fixing population to survive depends on the ammonia and carbon source concentrations and the kinetics parameters of the system. Under competitive cond...

Symbiotic nitrogen (N)-fixing trees can drive N and carbon cycling and thus are critical components of future climate projections. Despite detailed understanding of how climate influences N-fixation enzyme activity and physiology, comparatively little is known about how climate influences N-fixing tree abundance. Here, we used forest inventory data from the USA and Mexico (>125,000 plots) along...

Excessive anthropogenic nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) inputs have caused an alarming increase in harmful cyanobacterial blooms, threatening sustainability of lakes and reservoirs worldwide. Hypertrophic Lake Taihu, China's third largest freshwater lake, typifies this predicament, with toxic blooms of the non-N2 fixing cyanobacteria Microcystis spp. dominating from spring through fall. Previou...

We study a fundamental, all order cancellation operating between graphs of distinct kinematic nature, which allows for the construction of gauge-independent effective self-energies, vertices, and boxes at arbitrary order. When quantizing gauge theories in the continuum one must invariably resort to an appropriate gauge-fixing procedure in order to remove redundant (non-dynamical) degrees of fre...

The article examines the results of constitutional reform 2020 in Russia from point view fixing particular provisions on Prosecutor’s Office Russian Federation terms both structural structure and content designated updated norms. In particular, novelties Constitution related to return text definition domestic prosecutor’s office, as well changes procedure for appointing senior officials this sy...

Hemagglutinating and complement-fixing antigens of La Crosse virus (California arbovirus group) were produced in serum-free suspension cultures of BHK-21/13S cells. The appearance and production of these antigens were correlated with the titer of infectious virus. No significant differences in antigen titers were produced by varying virus dose 10-fold. Hemagglutinin appeared 6 to 8 hr after ino...

Wilcox, Wesley C. (University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia) and Harold S. Ginsberg. Effect of proflavine on the synthesis of adenovirus, type 5, and associated soluble antigens. J. Bacteriol. 84:526-533. 1962.-The synthesis of type 5 adenovirus in HeLa cells was suppressed to a considerable extent by low concentrations of proflavine, an acridine dye. In comparison, the processes leading to the...

We identify the gauge invariances of the linearized field theory of strings which give rise to the Yang-Mills and general coordinate invariance of this theory. We construct a kinetic energy term for string fields which is invariant to these gauge symmetries. By gauge-fixing, we derive from this action the expressions for the free string action in particular gauges found by Kaku and Kikkawa and ...

The number of total disulfide bonds in rabbit and sheep 7S gamma globulin, before and after treatment with 2-mercaptoethanol, has been measured by amperometric titration. Mercaptan reduction could diminish the complement-fixing efficiency of 7S rabbit gamma globulin by no more than 90 per cent without any significant decrease in maximal complement-fixing ability. This was associated with the re...

In the absence of Gribov complications, the modified gauge fixing in gauge theory ∫ DAμ{exp[−SYM (Aμ)− ∫ f(Aμ)dx]/ ∫ Dg exp[− ∫ f(Aμ)dx]} for example, f(Aμ) = (1/2)(Aμ) 2, is identical to the conventional Faddeev-Popov formula ∫ DAμ{δ(D δf(Aν ) δAμ )/ ∫ Dgδ(Dμ δf(A g ν ) δA g μ )} exp[−SYM (Aμ)] if one takes into account the variation of the gauge field along the entire gauge orbit. Despite of ...