Abstract Background and Aims Medium cut-off membranes (MCO) have been introduced with the claim that larger pores enhance removal of middle-sized uremic toxins. To date, no adequately powered randomized controlled trial has demonstrated this membrane characteristic translates into improved mortality. A well-described consequence pore sizes is a higher dialytic albumin loss [1]. In addition, oth...

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With the evolution of an API library, its documentation also evolves. The evolution of API documentation is common knowledge for programmers and library developers, but not in a quantitative form. Without such quantitative knowledge, programmers may neglect important revisions of API documentation, and library developers may not effectively improve API documentation based on its revision histor...

Potato ranks fourth as the most important food crop in the world. The crop is known to suffer from many diseases among which late blight is more devastating. Therefore, culture filtrates of bio-control agents, (Trichoderma virens, Trichoderma viride, Paecilomyces lilacinus and Pseudomonas fluorescens) were tested for their effectiveness on the spore germination and infection in-vitro, as fungic...

In this study a poorly biodegradable (BOD/COD = 0.3) industrial alkaline ECF bleaching filtrate was treated using different advanced oxidation processes to evaluate their use in combined chemical-biological treatment aimed at increasing recalcitrant COD removal and improving final effluent quality. Oxidative treatments included ozonation combined with hydrogen peroxide (2, 5, 10, 20 mmol L(-1) ...

In corn wet milling, dry matter can be separated from liquids in process streams with centrifuges or vacuum belt filtration (VBF). Because separations usually are not complete, dry matter can be lost in the liquid streams (overflow from the gluten thickener centrifuge and filtrate from VBF). This represents a loss of nutrients, especially protein, to low valued coproducts and reduces quality of...

According to current concepts, acidification of the urine in the distal tubule and final removal of bicarbonate from the glomerular filtrate occur by a process of ion exchange in which hydrogen ions within tubular cells are exchanged for sodium in the filtrate (1). It is thought that carbonic anhydrase catalyzes an essential reaction which either directly supplies hydrogen ions to the exchange ...

Biological dinitrogen fixation (BNF) represents a major input of reduced nitrogen (N) to the oceans. Accurate direct measurements of BNF rates are crucial for reliably determining the biogeochemical significance of diazotrophy at local and global scales. Traditionally, borosilicate glass fiber filters (GF/F, Whatman) with a nominal pore size of 0.7μm are used to collect suspended particles by f...

There are many reports on the appearance of a typical isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1; API)2 in serum of patients suffering from biliary obstruction. According to the characteristics observed in various studies, this API has variouslybeen termed “high molecular weight” (1), “origin,” “stationary,” “particulate” (2), “bile,” “cholestatic,” “pathological biliary” (3, 4), and “koinoz...