Industrial and other anthropogenic activities lead to increase in persistent organic pollutants (POPs) natural water bodies. POPs are harmful not only the aquatic ecosystem but also human health. Researchers around globe have been working develop efficient, cost-effective, environmentally-friendly methods for treatment of contaminated waters. The chapter basically focuses on removal by catalyti...

When dyes are discharged in water bodies, mutagenic, carcinogenic and teratogenic effects may be caused both aquatic organisms human beings. The use of biochar the implementation advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) alternative treatments that have been used individually removal wastewater. Besides being effective acting separately, AOPs can coupled, exhibiting synergetic treatment contained wat...

Adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) and their networks are important tools for the development of mechanistically based non-animal testing approaches, such as in vitro and/or silico assays, to assess toxicity induced by chemicals. In present study, an AOP network connecting 14 linear AOPs related human hepatotoxicity, currently available AOP-Wiki, was derived according established criteria. The cha...

The compound 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) is known to be a highly toxic having harmful effects on human health and the environment. To date, removal of 4-CP by advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) has attracted tremendous attentions. persulfate-based AOPs show higher oxidation, better selectivity, wider pH range, no secondary pollution compared traditional Fenton-based AOPs. Carbon materials with low c...

Triton X-100 is one of the most widely-applied man-made non-ionic surfactants. This detergent can hardly be degraded by biological treatment. Hence, a more efficient degradation method is indispensable for the total mineralization of this pollutant. Application of heterogeneous photocatalysis based on a TiO₂ suspension is a possible solution. Its efficiency may be improved by the addition of va...

The Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) concept has recently been proposed to support a paradigm shift in regulatory toxicology testing and risk assessment. This concept is similar to the Mode of Action (MOA), in that it describes a sequence of measurable key events triggered by a molecular initiating event in which a stressor interacts with a biological target. The resulting cascade of key events in...

Nanotechnology contributes towards a more effective eradication of pathogens that have emerged in hospitals, veterinary clinics, and food processing plants and that are resistant to traditional drugs or disinfectants. Since new methods of pathogens eradication must be invented and implemented, nanotechnology seems to have become the response to that acute need. A remarkable achievement in this ...

In this study, the photocatalytic ozonation process using either UV lamps with a wavelength close to a solar wavelength (UVsolar) or natural solar light was established to study the effects of the major operating parameters on the removal of a toxic disinfection by-product (DBP), dichloroacetonitrile (DCAN), from drinking water. Based on the test results of a bench system, the UVsolar/TiO2/O3 p...

Pharmaceutical compounds and metabolites are being found in surface and ground waters which is indicative of inefficient removal by conventional wastewater treatment technologies. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), which utilize free-radical reactions to degrade chemical contaminates, are an alternative to traditional water treatment. Three fluoroquinolone pharmaceutical compounds were studie...

Ozonizers have been used for over a century in water treatment and for about two decades in advanced oxidation. Ozonizers are fundamentally based on non-thermal plasmas, which are useful for generating reactive species (free radicals) in gas streams. Because radical-attack reaction rate constants are very large for many chemical species, entrained pollutants are readily decomposed by these radi...