Introduction Chronic liver disease (CLD)-related pruritus manifests as cholestasis symptoms, which can cause severe itches in the whole body and significantly decrease quality of daily activities and sleep. The actigram, which documents movement by means of an accelerometer, has been demonstrated to be useful for assessing sleep quality. Nalfurafine hydrochloride, which is a selective κ-opioid ...

Primary sensory neurons in the dorsal root ganglia and trigeminal ganglia are responsible for sensing mechanical and thermal stimuli, as well as detecting tissue damage. These neurons express ion channels that respond to thermal, mechanical, or chemical cues, conduct action potentials, and mediate transmitter release. These neurons also express a large number of G-protein coupled receptors, whi...

Salsola is one of the largest and most important genera in the family Chenopodiaceae. Salsola species are used for their anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, anthelmintic and antipruritic effects and also as diuretic in traditional medicines worldwide. The aim of the present study is to assess the activity potential of the extracts, subextracts and isolated compounds from the aerial parts of and...

tological disease, such as atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis and urticaria, and the accompanying symptom of some systemic disorders, like chronic renals, cholestasis and diabetes mellitus. Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that affects 10—20% of all children, and its prevalence has gradually increased over the past few decades. It is now well established that endogeno...

Although pruritus is the critical symptom of atopic dermatitis that profoundly affect the patients' quality of life, controlling and management of prurirtus still remains as unmet needs mainly due to the distinctive multifactorial pathogenesis of pruritus in atopic dermatitis. Based on the distinct feature of atopic dermatitis that psychological state of patients substantially influence on the ...

The three antihistaminic drugs investigated are of diverse chemical types, and many chemical methods have been reported for their assay. Cyproheptadine hydrochloride (CPH) is a serotonin and a histamine antagonist with anticholinergic and sedative effects. It also blocks voltage sensitive calcium channels in pancreatic islet cells and smooth muscle. CPH is also used as an appetite stimulant to ...

The most commonly used topical pharmacologic agents for symptomatic management of hemorrhoids include vasoconstrictors, astringents, anesthetics, keratolytics, corticosteroids, and antipruritic agents. Some of these drugs have been involved in contact dermatitis [1-7]. A 57-year-old woman presented with a pruritic, sharply demarcated, erythematous rash on the anogenital area that spread within ...

In humans, as in all mammals and most chordates, three forms of superoxide dismutase (SOD) are present: SOD1 is located in the cytoplasm, SOD2 in the mitochondria, and SOD3 is extracellular. SOD is used in cosmetic products to reduce free radical damage to the skin, for example, to reduce fibrosis following radiation for breast cancer. Pruritus is one of the most common symptoms of skin disease...

BACKGROUND Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4), which catalyses the conversion of cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) to 5'-AMP, plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory disorders. Pruritus is the main symptom of dermatitides, such as atopic dermatitis, and is very difficult to control. Recent studies have shown that the activation of proteinase-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) is in...

Chronic pruritus is a difficult condition to treat and is associated with several comorbidities, including insomnia, depression, and decreased quality of life. Treatment for chronic itch includes corticosteroids, antihistamines, and systemic therapies such as naltrexone, gabapentin, UV light therapy, and immunomodulatory treatments, including azathioprine, methotrexate, and cellcept. However, s...