introduction:surgical treatment of diseases in cervicothoracic, thoracic and thoracolumbar regions can be a challenging issue. cooperation of the thoracic surgeons and spine surgeons can improve the outcomes and decrease the complications of patients who underwent these approaches.materials & methods: the participants of this study consisted of seventeenpatients suffering from different types o...

memory is the cognitive ability that allows acquiring, store and recalling information. anterior thalamic dysfunction creates memory deficits in rats and humans. anterior thalamus forms a memory network in connection with the hippocampus. this connectivity profile proposes that ventrolateral and anterior thalamus may display a nexus between reminder and control functions, such as action or atte...

OBJECTIVES To correlate glenohumeral translation in the anterior/posterior direction with medial and lateral rotation of the humerus. In addition, the length of the anterior and posterior component of the glenohumeral capsuloligamentous complex was varied in order to gain insight into the contribution of each component to limiting translation. All measurements were made with the humerus positio...

congenital anterior tibiofemoral subluxation is an extremely rare disorder. all reported cases accompanied by other abnormalities and syndromes. a 16-year-old high school girl referred to us with bilateral anterior tibiofemoral subluxation as the knees were extended and reduced at more than 30 degrees flexion. deformities were due to tightness of the iliotibial band and biceps femuris muscles a...