Allograft survival is marked ly prolonged by a var iety of p re t rea tment regimens such as lymphocytotoxie drugs, i rradiat ion, a n d / o r cul ture of donor tissue. These procedures, initially appl ied to the thyroid (1, 2) and subsequent ly to islets o f Langerhans , stress the role of passenger lymphoid cells in allograft rejection. Marked prolongat ion of islet allograft survival (>100 d...

Ant ibody-ant igen complexes bind to the surface of some mouse lymphocytes (1-2). Recent evidence has suggested tha t this proper ty may be characteris t ic of some nonthymus-der ived "B" lymphocytes: (3), not of thymus-der ived " T " lymphocytes (4). A similar conclusion has been reached independent ly in our laboratory from studies originally designed to examine the relat ionship between anti...

The passive serum therapy of exper imenta l and clinical tumors, while f requent ly a t t empted , has met with only very l imi ted success (1). The elegant techniques of K~Jhler and Mils tein (2), enab l ing the produc t ion of vi r tual ly un l imi ted amount s of homogeneous an t ibody, have led to a reconsiderat ion of passive an t ibody t r ea tment for ma l ignan t disease. This interest ...

purpose : to evaluate the results of anterior and nasal transposition (ant) of the inferior oblique muscle (io) in patients with the io muscle overaction methods : this retrospective case series included patients with io muscles overaction, in whom ant of the io muscle was performed. in patient with simultaneous horizontal deviation, horizontal strabismus surgery was also performed. they were e...

Tropical leaf-cutter ants cultivate the fungus Attamyces bromatificus in a many-to-one, diffuse coevolutionary relationship where ant and fungal partners re-associate frequently over time. To evaluate whether ant-Attamyces coevolution is more specific (tighter) in peripheral populations, we characterized the host-specificities of Attamyces genotypes at their northern, subtropical range limits (...

Natural habitats adjacent to human-modified areas often suffer edge effects stemming from physical disturbance, elevated predator densities, or invasive species. Although seldom documented, detrimental edge effects can also occur at natural ecological boundaries. Here I examine the spatial pattern and ecological effects of a biological invasion at well-delineated and abrupt edges between ripari...

We compare two heuristic approaches, evolutionary computation and ant colony optimisation, and a complete tree-search approach, constraint programming, for solving binary constraint satisfaction problems. We experimentally show that, if evolutionary computation is far from being able to compete with the two other approaches, ant colony optimisation nearly always succeeds in finding a solution, ...

This paper is based on an ant colony optimization algorithm (ASDR) for solving FPGA routing for a route based routing constraint model in FPGA design architecture. I n this approach FPGA routing task is transformed into a Boolean Satisfiabilty (SAT) equation with the property that any assignment of input variables that satisfies the equation specifies a v alid route. The Satisfiability equation...

The adul t ant ibody response is generally characterized by a marked degree of heterogeneity of affinity of the ant ibody for the antigenic de terminant (1, 2). With t ime after immunizat ion there appears to be a preferential selection of high affinity ant ibody-producing B lymphocytes resulting in an increase in the average affinity of the serum ant ibody (2-19). It is usually assumed tha t i...