For digital system designs, triple modular redundancy (TMR), which is a 3-tuple version of N-modular redundancy is widely preferred for many mission-control and safety-critical applications. The TMR scheme involves two-times duplication of the simplex system hardware, with a majority voter ensuring correctness provided at least two out of three copies of the system remain operational. Thus the ...

Voters have many motivations. Some vote on the issues. They for a candidate because they share that candidate's policy positions. performance. think will produce best outcomes in office. group identities. is connected to their social group. This paper about these I address three questions. First, which of motivations, were it widespread, would be intrinsic democratic values? Second, how do moti...

Defect rate in Nanoelectronics is much higher than conventional CMOS circuits. Hardware redundancy can be a suitable solution for fault tolerance in nano level. A voter circuit is a part of a redundancy based fault tolerant system that enables a system to continue operating properly in the event of one or more faults within its components. Robustness of the voter circuit defines the reliability...

Despite the centrality of the median voter prediction in political economy models, overwhelming empirical evidence shows that legislators regularly take positions that diverge significantly from the preferences of the median voter in their districts. However, all these empirical studies to date lack the necessary data to directly measure the preferences of the median voter. We utilize a unique ...

I analyze the effect of a sequential election system when the first voter has private information using a simple two candidate, two voter model in which the second voter is decisive. Both voters observe the candidates’ policy positions, but only the first voter observes which candidate is competent. I show that in equilibrium the candidates pander to the policy preferences of the first voter. D...