Knowledge of the sequence of different conformational states of a protein molecule is key to better understanding its biological function. A diffraction pattern from a single conformational state can be captured with an ultrafast X-ray Free-Electron Laser (XFEL) before the target is completely annihilated by the radiation. In this paper, we report the first experimental demonstration of conform...

We study, in the ensemble of constant particle number, processes in which a cluster of particles is annihilated and particles are created catalytically in active sites. In this ensemble, particles belonging to a cluster of l particles jump to l distinct active sites. As examples of our prescription, we analyze numerically three nonequilibrium systems that annihilate cluster of particles that ar...

The “new fields” or “superconformal functions” on N = 1 super Riemann surfaces introduced recently by Rogers and Langer are shown to coincide with the Abelian differentials (plus constants), viewed as a subset of the functions on the associated N = 2 super Riemann surface. We confirm that, as originally defined, they do not form a super vector space. It has been known for some time that the glo...

We investigate the internal structures of a Schwarzschild black hole by solving Wheeler-DeWitt equation. The generic bounded wave function has bouncing point around $r \simeq M$, where $M$ is mass. Due to this quantum bouncing, there appears an ambiguity define arrow time. If we introduce two arrows time, one can then interpret that classical spacetime annihilated point. Finally, provide concep...

Hence, there is an eigenstate |ψ〉 = A|φ〉 of H with this same energy eigenvalue. We could equally well have begun with the statement that H|ψ〉 = E|ψ〉 and then found a state of H given by |φ〉 = A†|ψ〉 with the same energy. Note that a Hamiltonian of the two given forms will have only non-negative eigenvalues: 〈ψ|A†A|ψ〉 = ∣∣|Aψ〉∣∣2 ≥ 0. Equality holds only if the state is annihilated by A. Analogou...

By measuring the tracks of tracer particles in a quasi-two-dimensional spatiotemporally chaotic laboratory flow, we determine the instantaneous curvature along each trajectory and use it to construct the instantaneous curvature field. We show that this field can be used to extract the time-dependent hyperbolic and elliptic points of the flow. These important topological features are created and...

We derive short UIR’s of the OSp(8/4, R) superalgebra of 3d N = 8 superconformal field theories by the requirement that the highest weight states are annihilated by a subset of the super-Poincaré odd generators. We then find a superfield realization of these BPS saturated UIR’s as “composite operators” of the two basic ultrashort “supersingleton” multiplets. These representations are the AdS4 a...

We consider a net of algebras, kinematically covariant under general diieomor-phisms. A physical state induces dynamical relations, encoded by an associated net of ideals, annihilated by this state. Hence the related net of observables is in general not covariant under the full kinematical group of diieomorphisms, but only under its subgroup of dynamical symmetries. We comment on the implicatio...

Using Monte Carlo simulations we have studied the transition from an “active” steady state to an absorbing “inactive” state for two versions of the branching annihilating random walks with parity conservation on a square lattice. In the first model the randomly walking particles annihilate when they meet and the branching process creates two additional particles; in the second case we distingui...

whereQf is the fractional charge of the quark, and the factor of 3 in front counts the three colors for each flavor. The cross section of the pure QED process is σ(e+e− → μ+μ−) = 4πα2/3s. The value of R, which counts directly the number of quarks, both flavor and colors, is expected to be constant so long as the centerof-mass (cm) energy of the annihilated e+e− does not overlap with resonances ...