We consider a one-dimensional elastic string as a set of massless beads interacting through springs characterized by anisotropic elastic constants. The string, driven by an external force, moves in a medium with quenched disorder. We find that longitudinal fluctuations lead to nonlinear behavior in the equation of motion that is kinematically generated by the motion of the string. The strength ...

The optical properties of YAG:Ce phosphor were measured by a double-integrating-sphere system and calculated by Mie theory and Monte Carlo ray tracing to provide precise optical characterizations of YAG:Ce phosphor for white light-emitting diode (LED) packaging design. Measurement results showed that the phosphor presents strong absorption for blue light, high reflection for yellow light, and a...

In this study, diffusion-weighted images of the human prostate were successfully obtained, enabling quantification of apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) in normal and pathologic regions. A dual acquisition fast spin-echo sequence was used for accurate T2 calculation. T2 values were significantly higher in the peripheral zone than the central gland (P = 0.015). No significant correlations we...

2014 The use of the Hall-Petch relation in texture simulations with the Taylor-Bishop-Hill model is proposed as a mean to take into account grain shape effect. The results are compared with those obtained with the usual and relaxed constraint Taylor model for a simple texture and the consequences for the anisotropy coefficient are investigated. J. Physique Lett. 46 (1985) L-1109 L-1113 1 er DEC...

A primordial stochastic background of very weakly coupled massless (pseudo-)scalars can seed CMB anisotropy, when large-scale fluctuations of their stress-tensor re-enter the horizon during the matter-dominated era. A general relation between multipole coefficients of the CMB anisotropy and the seed’s energy spectrum is derived. Magnitude and tilt of the observed anisotropies can be reproduced ...

We measured the optical properties of muscular tissue using several methods. Collimated transmission measurements of thin slabs showed spatial anisotropy of the scattering processes. Surface roughness of the sample disables the calculation of the extinction coefficient from these measurements. From angular intensity measurements we found a scattering asymmetry parameter g = 0.96. In fresh sampl...

We compute by numerical transfer-matrix methods the surface free energy τ(T ), the surface stiffness coefficient κ(T ), and the single-step free energy s(T ) for Ising ferromagnets with (∞×L) square-lattice and (∞×L×M) cubic-lattice geometries, into which an interface is introduced by imposing antiperiodic or plus/minus boundary conditions in one transverse direction. The surface tension σ(θ, T...

The anisotropy exhibited by single-crystal silicon in nanometric cutting is very significant. In order to profoundly understand the effect of crystal anisotropy on cutting behaviors, a large-scale molecular dynamics model was conducted to simulate the nanometric cutting of single-crystal silicon in the (100)[0-10], (100)[0-1-1], (110)[-110], (110)[00-1], (111)[-101], and (111)[-12-1] crystal di...

We analyze two- and three-link planar snakelike locomotion and optimize the motion for efficiency. The locomoting system consists of two or three identical inextensible links connected via hinge joints, and the angles between the links are actuated as prescribed periodic functions of time. An essential feature of snake locomotion is frictional anisotropy: The forward, backward, and transverse c...

We study the possibility to extract the multipolar moments of an underlying distribution from a set of cosmic rays observed with non-uniform or even partial sky coverage. We show that if the degree is assumed to be upper bounded by L, each multipolar moment can be recovered whatever the coverage, but with a variance increasing exponentially with the bound L if the coverage is zero somewhere. De...