Deciphering the information that eyes, ears, and other sensory organs transmit to the brain is important for understanding the neural basis of behavior. Recordings from single sensory nerve cells have yielded useful insights, but single neurons generally do not mediate behavior; networks of neurons do. Monitoring the activity of all cells in a neural network of a behaving animal, however, is no...

The purpose of this study was to compare the topical anti-inflammatory effects of the nonselective cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor, ketorolac, with the selective COX-2 inhibitor, nimesulide, in an animal model of dry eye in albino rabbits. All animals were examined by the Schirmer test, tear break-up time (TBUT) and fluorescein corneal staining test. Dry eye model showed significant reduction in...

The American horseshoe crab, Limulus Polyphemus is one of the oldest creatures on earth, and the animal continues to play an indispensable role in biomedical research. Not only does their blood contain special cells that scientists use to detect bacteriotoxins in our medicines, but their eyes also contain a neural network that has provided much insight about physiological processes operating in...

We show, for the first time, the spatiotemporal appearance of Cyp1b1 protein during mouse eye ontogeny. The protein was unambiguously identified in the adult mouse eye and newborn (P0) whole mouse microsomes and was shown to be localized in inner ciliary epithelium, corneal epithelium, retinal inner nuclear cells, and ganglion cells. The enzyme protein was present in the lens epithelium adjacen...

The ERG of the compound eye in freshly collected Ligia occidentalis, in response to high intensity light flashes of (1/8) second or longer duration, begins with a negative on-effect quickly followed by an early positive deflection, rapidly returns to the baseline during illumination, and ends with a positive off-effect. As the stimulus intensity is decreased the early positivity progressively d...

It is now well established that the anatomical and functional development of the central visual pathways of a number of higher mammalian species is activity-dependent [1-3]. This dependence was revealed by the functional effects of an early period of monocular deprivation, where one eye of a young animal was deprived for a time of patterned visual input. Subsequently, most cells in the visual c...

Stomatopods (mantis shrimps) possess one of the most complex visual systems in the animal kingdom. Each eye is capable of monocular distance judgement, colour vision involving eight or more primary channels and polarisation vision. This involves a series of eye movements unique among the crustaceans. Furthermore, each eye usually acts almost entirely independently of the other. Colour, in parti...

We introduce a unique art-science collaboration project organized by contemporary artists and comparative psychologists at Kyoto City Zoo in 2019. The objectives of this were to evaluate how chimpanzees humans respond movies created professional contribute an outreach event the zoo demonstrating entire research process public. asked make short 'for chimpanzees' presented those chimpanzee human ...

The eye grows during childhood to position the retina at correct distance behind lens enable focused vision, a process called emmetropization. Animal studies have demonstrated that this growth is dependent upon visual stimuli, while genetic and environmental factors affect likelihood of developing myopia also been identified. coupling between growth, remodeling elastic response in particularly ...

Since the first reports describing the injection of recombinant adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors in the murine eye, the advancement of the field has been enormous resulting in the correction of several animal models of retinal diseases. The recent development of "pseudotyped" AAV vectors with transduction characteristics that best fit the correction of specific retinal disease phenotypes an...