BACKGROUND Although a substantial percentage of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) experience low back pain, the characteristics of lumbar spine pathology in RA patients has been poorly investigated. In our institutions, lumbar spine radiographs indicated scoliosis in 26 patients. The present study aimed to clarify the characteristics of lumbar scoliosis in RA patients. METHODS This is a...

BACKGROUND It has been reported that relative to other sports participants, ice hockey players suffer from cam-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) in higher numbers. α angles have been reported to increase with the likelihood of symptomatic FAI. It is unclear how prevalent increased α angles, commonly associated with cam FAI, are in asymptomatic young ice hockey players. HYPOTHESIS There ...

The Pauwels Classification of femoral neck fractures, initially published in 1935, is used world-wide. Unfortunately, modern textbooks give varying angle and anatomic specifications between the classified fracture grades. This inconsistency is perpetuated in the literature, so that it is difficult to compare conclusions made by different authors. Pauwels himself left room for interpretation. He...

Attempts to describe the geometry about three-coordinate silver(i) complexes have proven difficult because interatomic angles generally vary wildly and there is no adequate or readily available classification system found in the literature. A search of the Cambridge Structural Database shows that complexes formed between any metal centre and three non-metal donors (18 001 examples) usually adop...

Changes in the snow cover extent are both a cause and a consequence of climate change. Optical remote sensing with heliosynchronous satellites currently provides snow cover data at high spatial resolution with daily revisiting time. However, high latitude image acquisition is limited because reflective sensors of many satellites are switched off at high solar zenith angles (SZA) due to lower si...

Wedescribe a newmethod of distinguishing between ordered and chaotic orbits, which is much faster than the methods used up to now, namely (1) the distribution of the Poincaré consequents, (2) the Lyapunov characteristic number and (3) the distribution of the rotation angles. This method is based on the distribution of the helicity angles (the angles of small deviations ξ from a given orbit with...

Using the family symmetry, in the neutrino mass matrix we remove the Yukawa coupling (arising in the Dirac type mass between the heavy neutrinos and light lepton doublets) dependence in the double seesaw mechanism so that it is directly proportional to the mass matrix m of heavy Majorana neutrinos. Then, the neutrino mass matrix is given by the family symmetry at high energy scale. With the per...

This paper deals with nonuniform transmission lines which are excited at high frequencies. Networks of those lines are formed and they are described by the BLT–equation. The essential ingredients in this equation are the scattering and the propagation supermatrices. For our investigations we derive these quantities from the product integral solution of generalized telegrapher’s equations. The m...

A spherical n-gon is a bordered surface homeomorphic to a closed disk, with n distinguished boundary points called corners, equipped with a Riemannian metric of constant curvature 1, except at the corners, and such that the boundary arcs between the corners are geodesic. We discuss the problem of classification of these polygons and enumerate them in the case that two angles at the corners are ...