(1) Background: Preoptic region of hypothalamus is responsible to control maternal behavior, which was hypothesized be associated with gene expressional changes. (2) Methods: Transcriptome sequencing first applied in the preoptic rat dams comparison a group mothers whose pups were taken away immediately after parturition and did not exhibit caring behavior 10 days later. (3) Results: Differenti...

The mechanisms by which androgen receptor (AR) antagonists inhibit AR activity, and how their antagonist activity may be abrogated in prostate cancer that progresses after androgen deprivation therapy, are not clear. Recent studies show that AR antagonists (including the clinically used drug bicalutamide) can enhance AR recruitment of corepressor proteins [nuclear receptor corepressor (NCoR) an...

Using gene-specific synthetic oligonucleotides the expression and regulation of kallikrein-like genes in the human prostatic cancer cell line LNCaP were studied. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and human glandular kallikrein (hGK-1) together constitute a subfamily of serine proteases exclusively produced in the human prostate. RNA analysis revealed that both genes are expressed in LNCaP cells w...

The mechanisms by which androgen receptor (AR) antagonists inhibit AR activity, and how their antagonist activity may be abrogated in prostate cancer that progresses after androgen deprivation therapy, are not clear. Recent studies show that AR antagonists (including the clinically used drug bicalutamide) can enhance AR recruitment of corepressor proteins [nuclear receptor corepressor (NCoR) an...

Leydig cells are a target for their own steroid product, testosterone, and thus could be subject to short-loop feedback regulation by androgens. The authors previously reported that 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-isomerase (3 beta HSD) activity was higher in freshly isolated Leydig cells from C57BL/6J than those from C3H/HeJ inbred mice. To determine whether this strain-related difference ...

In adult male rats, spinal nucleus of the bulbocavernosus (SNB) motoneurons shrink after castration and are restored in size after androgen treatment. Sixty-day-old Sprague Dawley males were castrated and implanted with SILASTIC capsules containing testosterone (T) or nothing, and osmotic minipumps continuously infusing MK-801, a noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist, or saline. Twenty-five d...

Prostate cancer is the second-leading cause of cancer-related deaths in men in the United States. Unfortunately, there is no effective therapy when prostate cancer becomes metastatic and refractory to conventional treatments. For this reason, the identification and exploration of new agents that reduce prostate cancer cell growth are of paramount importance. High consumption of plant-derived ph...

In this study, we show that androgens up-regulate insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR) expression and sensitize prostate cancer cells to the biological effects of IGF-I. Both dihydrotestosterone and the synthetic androgen R1881 induced an approximately 6-fold increase in IGF-IR expression in androgen receptor (AR)-positive prostate cancer cells LNCaP. In accordance with IGF-IR up-regu...

Growth of prostate cancer cells is initially dependent on androgens, and androgen ablation therapy is used to control tumor growth. Unfortunately, resistance to androgen ablation therapy inevitably occurs, and there is an urgent need for better treatments for advanced prostate cancer. Histone deacetylase inhibitors, such as suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA; vorinostat), are promising agent...