This paper contains the main results concerning the evaluation of the consumption distribution of Iran in terms of levels, shape, inequality and social welfare for the years 1989 and 1994. The results show that the shape of consumption distribution in Iran is showed to the right and there is a large gap between the average level of consumption in rural and urban areas. Inequality in Iran is rel...

In most statistical analysis, inequality or extent of variation in income isrepresented in terms of certain summary measures. But some authors arguedthat the concept of inequality is vague and thus cannot be measured as anexact concept. Therefore, fuzzy set theory provides naturally a useful toolfor such circumstances. In this paper we have introduced a real-valued fuzzymethod of illustrating t...

Introduction: Inequalities in urban environment are a significant concern. Socioeconomic level plays an important role in these inequalities. Inequality in environmental hazards is recognized as potential determinants of health disparities. Materials & Methods: In this study, we used individual and cumulative environmental hazard inequality indices to compare the inequality among 379 neighborh...

Background and purpose: Utilization of health care services and food influence the health status. The food and health care expenditure ratios determine the importance level of them in household's consumption expenditures. We aimed to investigate the Iranian rural and urban food and health expenditure ratios inequality during 1998 to 2012. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive longitudina...

In this paper we propose to measure inequality of educational achievements by constructing a Gini index on educational attainments. We then use the proposed measure to analyse the relationship between inequality in incomes and educational achievements (in terms of both the average attainments and its concentration). Even if theoretical considerations suggest a non-linear relationship between th...

Background: About 80% of deaths in 350 million cases of diabetes in the world occur in low and middle income countries. The aim of this study was to determine the status of diabetes socioeconomic inequality and the share of determinants of inequalities in Kurdistan Province, West of Iran, using two surveys in 2005 and 2009.   Methods: Data were collected from non-communicable disease su...

In this paper, two pairs of new inequalities are given, which decompose two Hilbert-type inequalities.

Fej'{e}r  Hadamard  inequality is generalization of Hadamard inequality. In this paper we prove certain Fej'{e}r  Hadamard  inequalities for $k$-fractional integrals. We deduce Fej'{e}r  Hadamard-type  inequalities for Riemann-Liouville fractional integrals. Also as special case Hadamard inequalities for $k$-fractional as well as fractional integrals are given.