The Islamic world of preand early medieval Spain has elicited the interest of many religious and secular scholars because of the peaceful coexistence by diverse ethnic and religious communities. The Moorish presence in Spain is still a subject of debate. Was Islam beneficial to Spain? What course would history have taken without the Muslim presence? What are the lingering results of Spain’s rel...

In the context of effects climate change on Arctic, it is also important toexamine direction in which Arctic states’ future vision for ischanging. Each state has its own official strategy paper outlining theArctic, are presented this study. Strategies provide a picture peacefulArctic, and while Russia’s role conflicts recent years cause concern,states region voicing cooperation with Russia succ...

Mwanatari is a community located between Lafiya and Lamurde in LGA of Adamawa State. It lies on Latitude 9.560N Longitude 11.70E, 164.00m/538.06ft ASL. The shares boundary with Bwatiye (Bachama Bata) communities. ethnic groups found within the area are Mwana, Chobbo, Kwah, Waja, Lunguda, Dadiya, Jenjo, Hausa, Fulani. people predominantly agrarian. administrative headquarters local government it...