In Case C-564/19 IS, the Court of Justice European Union delivered a judgement on two significant issues EU law. First, it clarified obligations Member States under Directive 2010/64/EU right to interpretation and translation in criminal proceedings regarding provision linguistic assistance during procedure consequences failure adhere them. Second, ruled EU-law conformity national judicial deci...

The relationship between de jure and de facto judicial independence is much debated in the literature. Some studies find no relationship between the formal rules governing the structure of the judiciary and its de facto independence. Other studies find a significant correlation between de jure and de facto judicial independence, with one study even touting de jure judicial independence as the m...

The traditional view that inter-branch judicial independence is a necessary condition for high levels of foreign direct investment is flawed because it neglects to consider the significance of the autonomy of judges from societal actors as a distinct factor. Separating these two aspects of judicial independence and then interacting them produces four “judicial regime types”: the Liberal, Partis...

the inherent dignity is a divine bounty from god to man and since it is inherent and intrinsic in human nature, its dispossession is not possible. according to some of the noble verses of the qur’ān, human dignity can be proved as a type of honor that denotes enjoyment of the bounty of reasoning, free will, divine breath, power of choice, etc. and all human beings equally enjoy it and a princip...

This thesis examines the relationship between contested judicial elections and the value of total damages in product liability trials. For years, legal scholars have argued that judicial elections pose a direct threat to a judge's impartiality, but this thesis is one of only a few studies to observe judicial elections' quantitative effects on the application of law. Narrowing the focus of this ...

While the performance evaluation of judges has become a ubiquitous aspect of modern judicial administration, evaluation mechanisms of are too often utilised uncritically, without reflection on why we evaluate judges, and how ‘measurement’ furthers these objectives. This article provides a conceptual analysis of the role and purpose of performance evaluation, conceiving it as a limited tool of j...

elamite documents, and evidence of elamite writing in general, are rare from this period. however from susa under the sukkalmah period, there are some 550 legal documents in akkadian in various legal subjects, like sale, lease, and judicial procedures; this provides the historian with a unique opportunity fir the study of elamite legal and social institutions. the present essay will edit and tr...

throughout the history of the islamic iran the judicial system has always been based on common law and canon law (sharī‘a). upon the formalization of shī‘ism as the official school (nadhhab) in the safavid era, the shī‘a jurisprudence was set as the basis for legal judgments; and for the execution of judicial affairs the ruler appointed officers such as ṣadr, shaykh al-islām, and other judicial...