Proof. Let us first assume that c > 0. To prove that sup(cA) = c(sup A), we claim that sup(cA) ≤ c(sup A) and sup(cA) ≥ c(sup A). For the first inequality, let a′ ∈ cA be arbitrary. Then a′ = ca for some a ∈ A. But since a ≤ sup A, we have a′ = ca ≤ c(sup A). This shows that c(sup A) is an upper bound of cA, hence we have sup(cA) ≤ c(sup A). The reverse inequality also follows in a similar mann...

BACKGROUND AND AIM Both thalassemia and carnitine deficiency represent independent causes of erythropoietin resistance, and thus anemia, in uremic patients. We evaluated the unknown long-term effects of L-carnitine administration in β-thalassemic on chronic hemodialysis. METHODS We studied twelve subjects (M = 8; F = 4) affected by β-thalassemia minor (β-thal; HbA2 level = 6.6 ± 0.6%) and for...

Software Conceptual Integrity has been considered a cardinal concern for design and development of software systems. But, except for verbal descriptions of desiderata, there were no formal tools to guarantee that conceptual integrity is attained. This paper proposes an axiomatic algebraic approach, based upon the assumption that the software system in each level of the system hierarchy is repre...

Goals/Background. To evaluate children's growth in the first year of life, who have cleft palate and lip, without the use of palatal plates. Materials/Method. Chart review was conducted, retrospectively, in the Center for Integral Assistance of Cleft Lip and Palate (CAIF), in Brazil, between 2008 and 2009. Results for both genders were compared to the data published by the World Health Organiza...

Academic and occupational guidance of the 9th graders require a valid and reliable instrument. Given that Barrett Aptitude Test is widely available, and perhaps used, it was deemed necessary to assess its psychometric characteristics. To this end, a cluster sample of 830 ninth graders from among all such students during the 2017-2018 school year in cities of Saqqez and Bukan, was selected. They...

OBJECTIVE To analyze the variance in sleep habits of adolescents of different high school Grades in urban India. DESIGN Cross-sectional questionnaire-based study. SETTING Community based school survey in an urban setting. SUBJECTS School going adolescents from 9th to 12th Grades. METHODS A total of 1,920 adolescents aged 12-18 years were included. The questionnaire contained questions r...