The author analyzes a historical, long, and tortuous way to discover the cerebrospinal fluid. At least 35 physicians and anatomists described in the text have laid the fundamentals of recognition of this biological fluid's presence. On the basis of crucial anatomical, experimental, and clinical works there are four greatest physicians who should be considered as equal cerebrospinal fluid's disc...

The common bile duct may present a number of anatomical peculiarities regarding its size, course and relations, which should be taken into consideration by the anatomists and by the surgeons as well, during the surgery of the gallbladder, pancreas and duodenum. In the present study, we have analyzed the anatomical peculiarities of the common bile duct in 150 adult corpses of both sexes from the...

some of the diseases of known entity affecting the spleen, lymphatic system, bone-marrow and blood. These belong to a system in the body which is of growing importance to the medical man in general. For the last fifteen years the anatomists, the pathologists and the clinicians have all been engaged in the study of this system. Scores of papers from different laboratories throughout the world ha...

Absence of the vertebral artery is rare, and incidentally encountered in radiological imaging technics. We reported a 74 years old man suffering from pulsatile tinnitus with absence of the left vertebral artery. The purpose of the case report is the description absence of the vertebral artery causing of pulsatile tinnitus, in order to offer useful data to anatomists, otorhinolaryngologist, radi...

Modestly laboring behind the scenes, ligaments are often overlooked or disdained while attention focuses on muscles, vessels, and nerves, the dynamic actors on center stage. Yet this attitude held by surgeons and anatomists alike is both naive and wrong. Ligaments are often more important than muscles, and in some places where muscles are given the credit, unassuming ligaments carry the entire ...

The authors report a case of fat herniation through the canal of Schwalbe noted in a female cadaver during abdominopelvic dissection. Perineal hernias are rare hernias, and herniations through the hiatus of Schwalbe represent a rare posterior lateral perineal hernia. While these hernias are extremely rare, anatomists and surgeons should be aware of them, and the clinical significance and manife...

We present a new application of the Image Analogies algorithm to be used for image segmentation. Our approach requires supervised training data, so we apply it to the domain of labeling human anatomical data. In the Visible Human Project, expert anatomists are overwhelmed with high-resolution images to analyze. We propose that the anatomist can work in conjunction with our approach, letting the...

The early anatomists risked their lives to exhume fresh cadavers in order to do dissections and thereby discover anatomy based on reality and not on theory as was advocated at that time by the scholastics, who were supported by the church. For example, the scholastics believed that the number of teeth a cow had could be deduced theoretically, and they refused to go out to the pasture, open the ...