N Engl J Med 2005;352:174-83. Copyright © 2005 Massachusetts Medical Society. he discovery of insulin more than 80 years ago is considered one of the greatest medical breakthroughs of the 20th century. 1 The first commercial insulin preparations contained numerous impurities and varied in potency from lot to lot by as much as 25 percent. Manufacturing techniques improved rapidly, however, which...

objective(s): nowadays, cox- 2 inhibitors such as valdecoxib are removed from the market because of their cardiovascular toxicity and their potential to increase the risk of strokes. in response to this, medicinal chemists have attempted to synthesize new classes of cox-2 inhibitors.   materials and methods: in this study, three novel analogues of thiazolidin-4-ones derivatives 2a-c were synthe...

We have synthesized three new fluorescent analogues of tubulin, using fluorescein or rhodamine groups attached to N-hydroxy-succinimidyl esters, and have partially characterized the properties of these analogues. We have also further characterized the tubulin derivatized with dichlorotriazinyl-aminofluorescein that has previously been used in this and other laboratories. Our results show that a...

Albendazole (Abz) and Mebendazole (Mbz) analogues have been synthesized and in vitro tested against the protozoa Giardia lamblia, Trichomonas vaginalis and the helminths Trichinella spiralis and Caenorhabditis elegans. Results indicate that compounds 4a, 4b (Abz analogues), 12b and 20 (Mbz analogues) are as active as antiprotozoal agents as Metronidazole against G. lamblia. Compound 9 was 58 ti...

Hyperbolic beta integrals are analogues of Euler’s beta integral in which the role of Euler’s gamma function is taken over by Ruijsenaars’ hyperbolic gamma function. They may be viewed as (q, q̃ )-bibasic analogues of the beta integral in which the two bases q and q̃ are interrelated by modular inversion, and they entail q-analogues of the beta integral for |q| = 1. The integrals under considerat...

Max-plus analogues of linear spaces, convex sets, and polyhedra have appeared in several works. We survey their main geometrical properties, including max-plus versions of the separation theorem, existence of linear and non-linear projectors, max-plus analogues of the Minkowski-Weyl theorem, and the characterization of the analogues of “simplicial” cones in terms of distributive lattices.

Some Lie algebra analogues of Schur's theorem and its converses are presented. As a result, it is shown that for a capable Lie algebra L we always have dim L=Z(L) 2(dim(L2))2. We also give give some examples sup- porting our results.

The generalization of p-frame in Banach spaces is considered in this paper. The concepts of an $tilde{X}$-frame and a system conjugate to $tilde{X}$-frame were introduced. Analogues of the results on the existence of conjugate system were obtained. The stability of $tilde{X}$-frame having a conjugate system is studied.

In this paper, we prove a general fixed point theorem in $textrm{S}$-metric spaces for maps satisfying an implicit relation on complete metric spaces. As applications, we get many analogues of fixed point theorems in metric spaces for $textrm{S}$-metric spaces.