In Russia 1910–20s — the time of formation poetics as a scientific discipline. Poetics science also attracted attention O.E. Mandelstam, who correlate his poetic practice with current state philology. N.S. Gumilev assumed that Mandelstam would write study on poetics. articles and essays 1910 –30s, many categories were comprehended by Mandelstam: poet poetry, art reality, author, reader, theme w...

Coarse Particles and Dust Storm Mortality In a paper titled "Episodes of High Coarse Partide Concentrations Are Not Associated with Increased Mortality," Schwartz et al. (1) concluded that "coarse particles from windblown dust are not associated with mortality risk." The authors seem to have overlooked the medical literature on the health effects of the historic U.S. dust storms of the dust bow...

We show that strictly abnormal geodesics arise in graded nilpotent Lie groups. We construct such a group, for which some Carnot geodesics are strictly abnormal and, in fact, not normal in any subgroup. In the 2-step case we also prove that these geodesics are always smooth. Our main technique is based on the equations for the normal and abnormal curves, that we derive (for any Lie group) explic...

In this article an account is given of the experience in fieldwork by the Dictionary of the Flemish Dialects (Woordenboek van de Vlaamse Dialecten, WVD), Ghent University, Belgium. The focus is on the practical aspects with regard to methods of lexicographic fieldwork. It is maintained that the analysis of 'metalinguistical conversations' with groups of respondents in which their lexicographic ...

There is a consensus between many linguists that half of all languages risk disappearing by the end of the century. Documentation is agreed to be a priority. This includes the process of phonemic analysis to discover the contrastive sounds of a language with the resulting bene ts of further linguistic analysis, literacy, and access to speech technology. A machine-assisted approach to phonemic a...

Many social interactions require humans to coordinate their behavior across a range of scales. However, aspects of intentional coordination remain puzzling from within several approaches in cognitive science. Sketching a new perspective, we propose that the complex behavioral patterns - or 'unwritten rules' - governing such coordination emerge from an ongoing process of 'virtual bargaining'. So...

The article considers a new approach for small area estimation based on a joint modelling of mean and variances. Model parameters are estimated via expectation–maximization algorithm. The conditional mean squared error is used to evaluate the prediction error. Analytical expressions are obtained for the conditional mean squared error and its estimator. Our approximations are second-order correc...