Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for amylose, amylopectin and β-glucan concentration in a collection of 254 European spring barley varieties allowed to identify 20, 17, and 21 single nucleotide polymorphic (SNP) markers, respectively, associated with these important grain quality traits. Negative correlations between the content of amylose and β-glucan (R = -0.62, P < 0.01) and amylopecti...

We enzymatically modified rice starch to produce highly branched amylopectin and amylose and analyzed the resulting structural changes. To prepare the highly branched amylopectin cluster (HBAPC), we first treated waxy rice starch with Thermus scotoductus alpha-glucanotransferase (TSalphaGT), followed by treatment with Bacillus stearothermophilus maltogenic amylase (BSMA). Highly branched amylos...

Starch is present in amyloplasts as semi-crystalline intracellular waterinsoluble granules, with alternating crystalline and amorphous layers. Starch is a glucan homopolymer composed of one-quarter amylose (molecular mass 10–10Da) and three-quarters amylopectin (molecular mass 10–10Da), along with traces of lipids (0.1–1.0%) and proteins (0.05–0.5%). Amylose is essentially a linear glucan polym...

Cereal starch production forms the basis of subsistence for much of the world's human and domesticated animal populations. Starch concentration and composition in the maize (Zea mays ssp mays) kernel are complex traits controlled by many genes. In this study, an association approach was used to evaluate six maize candidate genes involved in kernel starch biosynthesis: amylose extender1 (ae1), b...

This study analyzed 394 Korean rice landrace accessions, including 93 waxy varieties, for polymorphisms using 29 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. In total, 381 alleles served as raw data for estimating the genetic diversity (GD) and population structure. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 3 to 44 (average = 13.14). The expected heterozygosity and polymorphism information content (...

A comparison was made between the structure and physicochemical properties of starches extracted from five normal and one naked cultivar of oat. There was little difference in the molecular size or polydispersity of the native amylose and amylopectin determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), or in the unit chain distribution of isoamylasedebranched amylopectin, where three peaks were r...

Resistant starch (RS), fed as high amylose maize starch (HAMS) or butyrylated HAMS (HAMSB), opposes dietary protein-induced colonocyte DNA damage in rats. In this study, rats were fed Western-type diets moderate in fat (19%) and protein (20%) containing digestible starches [low amylose maize starch (LAMS) or low amylose whole wheat (LAW)] or RS [HAMS, HAMSB, or a whole high amylose wheat (HAW) ...

Cereal Chem. 71(6):582-587 Commercial corn starches containing 0-70% amylose were extruded formation of complexes between amylose and lipids. Maximum binding with and without various lipids (myristic, stearic, and behenic acids; monowas observed for myristic acid and 70% amylose starch. No binding was glyceride Dimodan PV; and tristearin) in a single-screw laboratory observed with tristearin. P...

Nrwly tlrvrloprti low amylosr lvhrats (fiitzrum ciu.rtii.um L.) liavr u~i iqur procrssirlg c.harac.trristic.s, and thus allow millers to blend defined levels of amylose in mixes requiring low-amylose flour. The amount of amylose synthesised during grain fill is dependent on the expression of three structural grlirs that rrlcotir isofi~rms of'gi-anulr-l-)ourid starch synthasr (GBSS). L i ~ i r s...