in spite of nonhuman species, determining quantity of children among human beings is the result of a decision-making process. there is a set of factors that influences this decision in which income is the most important and ambiguous of them. using an optimization model in which utility of parents depends the amount of consumed goods and number of their children, it is shown that increase incom...

The fact of growth of inequality in distribution of income both inside the national economies and between the countries is confirmed by many empirical studies. In particular, these are annual reports of the World Bank, UNIDO and European Commission. The growth of inequality in distribution of income causes social tension inside the countries and promotes conflicts between the countries. Entrepr...

Using full-population register data from Denmark, this study shows that estimates of the economic gradient in mortality depends on the specific measure of economic resources used, where we investigate permanent income, annual income or financial and housing wealth. Our favorite measure is what we call ’Permanent income’, that is the average level of income over a long interval. We find that whe...

We analyse the determinants of annual net income and wages (net income/hours) of general practitioners (GPs) using data for 2271 GPs in England recorded during Autumn 2008. The average GP had an annual net income of £97,500 and worked 43 h per week. The mean wage was £51 per h. Net income and wages depended on gender, experience, list size, partnership size, whether or not the GP worked in a di...

INTRODUCTION The objective of this study was to quantify changes in the affordability of sugar-sweetened beverages, a product implicated as a contributor to rising rates of obesity worldwide, as a function of product price and personal income. METHODS We used international survey data in a retrospective analysis of 40 high-income and 42 low-income and middle-income countries from 1990 to 2016...

abstract in this study, willingness to pay of 180 wheat farmers in khorasan razavi province to remove weeds in different options and different growth stages in 2008 through logarithmic regression was investigated. the results indicated that farmer's total annual income, being perennial of weeds and dummy variables percent of removing weeds in growth different stages, had positive and significan...