Our study focuses on analyzing the behavior of a stochastic predator-prey model with time delay and logistic growth prey, influenced by L\'{e}vy noise. Initially, we establish existence, uniqueness, boundedness positive solution that spans globally. Subsequently, explore conditions under which extinction occurs, identify adequate criteria for persistence. Finally, validate our theoretical findi...

To the degree that citizens have participated in, or derived benefits from, social institutions that have helped cause serious, life-threatening, or rights-threatening environmental injustice (EIJ), this article argues that they have duties either to stop their participation in these institutions or to compensate for it by helping to reform them. (EIJ occurs whenever children, poor people, mino...

This study aimed to investigate the diversity and types of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) associated with the wild service tree, Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz in spring and autumn followed by identifying similarities among the different study sites. Three different sites were selected including Kheiroud, Lalis, and Tarkin, in the Hyrcanian forests, north of Iran. Five rhizosphere soil sampl...

In order to study the effects of salinity stress on growth indices of three clover species including, Trifolium resupinatum, T. alexandrinum, and T. incarnatum, an experiment was conducted as factorial based on a completely randomized design arrangement with three replications. Factors included seven levels of salinity stress (0, 41, 82, 123, 164, 205, and 246 mM) and three clover species. Diff...

in the present study the freshwater algae of siahdarvishan river were sampled on a montly basis from december 2007 through november 2008. three sampling stations (gaght roudkhan , shahkezr dame and talab laleh ) were chosen in the river. some physical and chemical parameters (water temperature , total hardness , nitrate , nitrite, phosphate and ph) of water samples were measured. a total of 84 ...