Studies by Scheiman et al. on a clinical paediatric population1 and Lara et al. on a clinic population aged 10–35 years2 reported that the most common vision disorder after ametropia was binocular vision disorders. In comparison with certain ocular diseases also, binocular vision disorders are regularly diagnosed.3 Vergence disorders (binocular vision disorders4 functionally classified descript...

When lids are surgically fused in rhesus monkeys before eye growth is completed, a high degree of myopia develops, which is caused by an elongation of the eye globe. The present study shows that in monkeys raised in the dark after monocular lid fusion, refraction and axial length were normal in both the closed and the open eye. Myopia, however, readily developed and the eye elongated when a mon...

PURPOSE To evaluate refractive and visual outcomes of secondary piggyback intraocular lens implantation in patients diagnosed as having residual ametropia following segmental multifocal lens implantation. METHODS Data of 80 pseudophakic eyes with ametropia that underwent Sulcoflex aspheric 653L intraocular lens implantation (Rayner Intraocular Lenses Ltd., East Sussex, United Kingdom) to corr...

PURPOSE Standardized patient (SP) methodology is the gold standard for evaluating clinical practice. This approach was used to investigate the content of typical optometric eyecare in England and the reproducibility of refractive error measurement using prescriptions obtained by three SPs. METHODS The three SPs were independently examined by three to four expert optometric clinicians to obtai...

PURPOSE To evaluate the efficacy of excimer laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) in the treatment of refractive errors after penetrating keratoplasty. METHODS Eight eyes underwent LASIK after a mean 71 months (SD 60) following the initial penetrating keratoplasty. A full ophthalmic assessment was performed before LASIK and at 1 week, 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery. Mean follow-up was 8....

PURPOSE To use anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) to analyze ciliary muscle morphology and changes with accommodation and axial ametropia. METHODS Fifty prepresbyopic volunteers, aged 19 to 34 years were recruited. High-resolution images were acquired of nasal and temporal ciliary muscles in the relaxed state and at stimulus vergence levels of -4 and -8 D. Objective accomm...