Whole-genome duplication events (polyploidy events) and gene loss events have played important roles in the evolution of legumes. Here we show that the vast majority of Hsf gene duplications resulted from whole genome duplication events rather than tandem duplication, and significant differences in gene retention exist between species. By searching for intraspecies gene colinearity (microsynten...

The family Polydnaviridae is of interest because it provides the best example of viruses that have evolved a mutualistic association with their animal hosts. Polydnaviruses in the genus Bracovirus are strictly associated with parasitoid wasps in the family Braconidae, and evolved ∼100 million years ago from a nudivirus. Each wasp species relies on its associated bracovirus to parasitize hosts, ...

Rotaviruses (Reoviridae: Rotavirus), the causative agents of acute diarrhea in mammals, including man and birds, possess a nonenveloped triple-layered icosahedral capsid about 75nm diameter, with a characteristic 11segmented genome of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) (Estes and Cohen, 1989). The genus Rotavirus is subdivided both serologically, based on the inner capsid VP6 protein, and electrophero...

Among all insect genomes, honeybee displays one of the most unusual patterns with interspersed long AT and GC-rich segments. Nearly 75% of the protein-coding genes are located in the AT-rich segments of the genome, but the biological significance of the GC-rich regions is not well understood. Based on an observation that the bee miRNAs, actins and tubulins are located in the GC-rich segments, t...

MOTIVATION Whole genome shotgun sequencing strategies generate sequence data prior to the application of assembly methodologies that result in contiguous sequence. Sequence reads can be employed to indicate regions of conservation between closely related species for which only one genome has been assembled. Consequently, by using pairwise sequence alignments methods it is possible to identify n...

Abstract While the cost and time for assembling a genome has drastically decreased, it still remains challenge to assemble highly contiguous genome. These challenges are rapidly being overcome by integration of long-read sequencing technologies. Here, we use improve contiguity threespine stickleback fish (Gasterosteus aculeatus) genome, prominent genetic model species. Using Pacific Biosciences...

To cause disease, influenza virus must possess several genetically determined abilities that mediate stages in pathogenesis. The virulent mouse-adapted variant A/FM/1/47-MA (FM-MA), derived from the avirulent A/FM/1/47 (FM) strain, had acquired mutations in genes that control virulence. The purpose of this study was to identify those genes that had mutated to result in increased virulence and t...

in this study, an efficient agrobacterium-mediated transformation method was developed forpomegranate (punica granatum l.), a difficult-to-transform plant. in vitro shoot segments wereinoculated with agrobacterium tumefaciens strain lba4404 harboring the binary vectorpbi121 carrying the neomycin phosphotransferase (nptii) gene as a selectable marker and β-glucuronidase (gus) gene as a reporter....

The existence of whole genome sequences makes it possible to search for global structure in the genome. We consider modeling the occurrence frequencies of discrete patterns (such as starting points of ORFs or other interesting phenomena) along the genome. We use piecewise constant intensity models with varying number of pieces, and show how a reversible jump Markov Chain Monte Carlo (RJMCMC) me...